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Subject: [doc-jp 7146] books/handbook/internals/chapter.sgml #6
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$B:4F#!wEl5~M}2JBg3X$G$9!#(B

$B$3$l$G:G8e$G$9!#(B

(books/handbook/internals/chapter.sgml 1.15 -> 1.16 #6)

      <sect3 id="boot-singleuser">
	<title>Single-user mode</title>
	
	<para>This mode can be reached through the <link
	    linkend="boot-autoreboot">automatic reboot
	    sequence</link>, or by the user booting with the
	  <option>-s</option> or setting the
	  <envar>boot_single</envar> variable in
	  <command>loader</command>.</para>

	<para>It can also be reached by calling
	  <command>shutdown</command> without the reboot
	  (<option>-r</option>) or halt (<option>-h</option>) options,
	  from <link linkend="boot-multiuser">multi-user
	    mode</link>.</para>

	<para>If the system console <literal>console</literal> is set
	  to <literal>insecure</literal> in
	  <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, then the system prompts for
	  the root password before initiating single-user mode.</para>

	<example id="boot-insecure-console">
	  <title>An insecure console in /etc/ttys</title>

	  <programlisting># name  getty                           type    status          comments
#
# This entry needed for asking password when init goes to single-user mode
# If you want to be asked for password, change "secure" to "insecure" here
console none                            unknown off insecure</programlisting>
	</example>

	<note>
	  <para>An <literal>insecure</literal> console means that you
	    consider your physical security to the console to be
	    insecure, and want to make sure only someone who knows the
	    root password may use single-user mode, and it does not
	    mean that you want to run your console insecurely.  Thus,
	    if you want security, choose <literal>insecure</literal>,
	    not <literal>secure</literal>.</para>
	</note>
      </sect3>
      
      <sect3 id="boot-multiuser">
	<title>Multi-user mode</title>
	
	<para>If <command>init</command> finds your filesystems to be
	  in order, or once the user has finished in <link
	    linkend="boot-singleuser">single-user mode</link>, the
	  system enters multi-user mode, in which it starts the
	  resource configuration of the system.</para>

	<sect4 id="boot-rc">
	  <title>Resource configuration (rc)</title>

	  <para>The resource configuration system reads in
	    configuration defaults from
	    <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>, and
	    system-specific details from
	    <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, and then proceeds to
	    mount the system filesystems mentioned in
	    <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, start up networking
	    services, starts up miscellaneous system daemons, and
	    finally runs the startup scripts of locally installed
	    packages.</para>

	  <para>&man.rc.8; is a good reference to the resource
	    configuaration system, as is examining the scripts
	    themselves.</para>
	</sect4>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="boot-shutdown">
      <title>Shutdown sequence</title>

      <para>Upon controlled shutdown, via <command>shutdown</command>,
	<command>init</command> will attempt to run the script
	<filename>/etc/rc.shutdown</filename>, and then proceed to send
	all processes the terminate signal, and subsequently the kill
	signal to any that don't terminate timely.</para>
    </sect2>
