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<rfc xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" category="std" docName="draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-on-path-telemetry-23" number="9951" ipr="trust200902" consensus="true"> consensus="true" obsoletes="" updates="" submissionType="IETF" xml:lang="en" tocInclude="true" tocDepth="3" symRefs="true" sortRefs="true" version="3">

  <front>
    <title abbrev="Delay Performance Metrics for IPFIX">Export of Delay
    Performance Metrics in IP Flow Information eXport Export (IPFIX)</title>
    <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9951"/>
    <author fullname="Thomas Graf" initials="T" surname="Graf">
      <organization>Swisscom</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>Binzring 17</street>
          <city>Zurich</city>
          <code>8045</code>
          <country>Switzerland</country>
        </postal>
        <email>thomas.graf@swisscom.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <author fullname="Benoit Claise" initials="B" surname="Claise">
      <organization>Huawei</organization>
      <address>
        <email>benoit@everything-ops.net</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <author fullname="Alex Huang-Feng" initials="A" surname="Huang-Feng">
      <organization>INSA-Lyon</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street/>
          <city>Lyon</city>

          <region/>

          <code/>
          <country>France</country>
        </postal>

        <phone/>

        <facsimile/>
        <email>alex.huang-feng@insa-lyon.fr</email>

        <uri/>
      </address>
    </author>
    <date day="01" month="October" year="2025"/> month="March" year="2026"/>
    <area>OPS</area>
    <workgroup>opsawg</workgroup>

<!-- [rfced] Please insert any keywords (beyond those that appear in
the title) for use on https://www.rfc-editor.org/search. -->

<keyword>example</keyword>

    <abstract>
      <t>This document specifies new IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)
      Information Elements to export the On-Path delay at each OAM Operations,
      Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) transit and decapsulating
      nodes. The On-Path delay is defined as the delay between the OAM header
      encapsulating node and each OAM header transit and OAM header
      decapsulating nodes. This delay measurement is computed by an On-Path
      Telemetry protocol and is exported by the IPFIX process.
      </t>
    </abstract>
  </front>
  <middle>
    <section anchor="Introduction" title="Introduction"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Introduction</name>
      <t>Network operators usually maintain statistical views of delay
			accross
			across their networks to support diagnostics and performance
			analysis. These views assist in identifying the location, extent,
			and potential causes of abnormal delay affecting specific customer
			traffic or services. To achieve this, delay-related metrics need
			to be reported from devices covering both data and control planes.
			Further, in order to understand which customers are affected,
			delay-related metrics need to be reported in the context of the
			customer data-plane. data plane. This correlation enables the detection of
			changes in forwarding paths, such as updated intermediate hops or
      interfaces, and the resulting impact on delay experienced by
			customer traffic.</t>
<!--[rfced] Please clarify this sentence. Is the intended meaning
(i) "This correlation enables the detection of changes and of the impact."
or
(ii) "This correlation enables the detection and the impact."?

Original:
   This correlation enables the detection of changes in
   forwarding paths, such as updated intermediate hops or interfaces,
   and the resulting impact on delay experienced by customer traffic.

Perhaps (assuming (i), adding a second "of"):
   This correlation enables the detection of changes in
   forwarding paths, such as updated intermediate hops or interfaces,
   and of the resulting impact on delay experienced by customer traffic.

Or (assuming (i), for more precision):
   This correlation enables the detection of (a) changes in
   forwarding paths, such as updated intermediate hops or interfaces,
   and (b) the resulting impact on delay experienced by customer traffic.
-->
      <t>Delay measurements in the network are computed using an On-Path
      Telemetry protocol, which inserts metadata into the data-plane
      packet when entering the monitored domain <xref
      target="RFC9232"/>. target="RFC9232" format="default"/>. To compute delay measurements, the On-Path
      Telemetry protocol inserts a timestamp reference when entering the
      OAM encapsulating node. Implementations Implementation examples are In Situ situ
			Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) <xref
			target="RFC9197"/> target="RFC9197" format="default"/> or Enhanced Alternate Marking
      <xref target="I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking"/>.</t> target="I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking" format="default"/>.</t>
      <t>Two modes of On-Path Telemetry are generally recognized:
			passport mode, in which only the OAM header decapsulating node of the OAM
			domain reports metrics; and postcard mode, in which OAM header
			transit nodes also export On-Path Telemetry data. Both modes
			enable exposure of per-hop performance metrics, including delay
			accumulation. The approach defined in this document is primarily
			applicable to postcard mode.
      </t>
      <t>To enable the export of the delay-related metrics via IPFIX
			<xref target="RFC7011"/>, target="RFC7011" format="default"/>, this document defines four new IPFIX
			Information Elements (IEs), exposing the On-Path delay on OAM
			header transit and decapsulating nodes, following the principles of postcard
			mode principles.</t>
			mode.</t>
      <t>This enables the computation of delay metrics (minimum,
			maximum, and mean) directly on the OAM header transit and
			decapsulating node, allowing aggregation within the Flow Record.
      </t>
      <t>As these IEs represent performance metrics, they are also
			registered in the <xref target="IANA-PERF-METRIC"> target="IANA-PERF-METRIC" format="default">
      IANA "Performance Metrics" registry</xref> Metrics Registry"</xref> in accordance with
      <xref target="RFC8911"/>.</t> target="RFC8911" format="default"/>.</t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="notation" title="Terminology">
      <t>The numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Terminology</name>
        <t>
    The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
			NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED",
			"MAY", "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>REQUIRED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL
    NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>NOT RECOMMENDED</bcp14>",
    "<bcp14>MAY</bcp14>", and "OPTIONAL" "<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14>" in this document are to be interpreted as
    described in BCP 14 BCP&nbsp;14 <xref target="RFC2119"/> <xref target="RFC8174"/>
    when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.</t> here.
        </t>
      <t>This document defines the following terms:</t>

      <t><list style="symbols">
          <t>OAM
      <dl spacing="normal" newline="true">
        <dt>OAM Header Encapsulating Node: Receives Node:</dt><dd>Receives the IP packets,
        encapsulates the packets with an OAM header header, and adds the timestamp
        into the OAM header.</t>

          <t>OAM header.</dd>
        <dt>OAM Header Transit Node: Receives Node:</dt><dd>Receives the IP packets, then measures
        the delay between the timestamp in the packet and the timestamp when
        the packet was received.</t>

          <t>OAM received.</dd>
        <dt>OAM Header Decapsulating Node: Receives Node:</dt><dd>Receives the IP packets,
        computes the delay between the timestamp in the packet and the
        timestamp when the packet was received received, and removes the OAM header from
        the packet.</t>
        </list></t> packet.</dd>
      </dl>
      <t>This document makes use of the terms defined in <xref
      target="RFC7011"/>,
      target="RFC7011" format="default"/>, <xref target="RFC8911"/> target="RFC8911"
      format="default"/> and <xref target="RFC7799"/>.</t> target="RFC7799" format="default"/>.</t>
      <t>The following terms are used as defined in <xref
      target="RFC7011"/>:</t>

      <t><list style="symbols"> target="RFC7011" format="default"/>:</t>
      <ul spacing="normal">
        <li>
          <t>Collector</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Exporter</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Flow</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Flow Record</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>IPFIX</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>IPFIX Information Elements (IEs)</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Observation Point</t>
        </list></t>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <t>The following terms are used as defined in <xref
      target="RFC8911"/>:</t>

      <t><list style="symbols"> target="RFC8911" format="default"/>:</t>
      <ul spacing="normal">
        <li>
          <t>Performance Metric</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Performance Metrics Registry</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>Registered Performance Metric</t>
        </list></t>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <t>The following term is used as defined in <xref section="3.8" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC7799"/>:</t>

      <t><list style="symbols"> target="RFC7799" format="default"/>:</t>
      <ul spacing="normal">
        <li>
          <t>Hybrid Type I</t>
        </list></t>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </section>
    <section anchor="Solution" title="Solution"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Solution</name>
      <t>In line with the guidelines for Registered Performance Metric
      Requesters
      requesters and Reviewers reviewers <xref target="RFC8911"/>, target="RFC8911" format="default"/>, each metric
      is specified with its required characteristics (e.g., Identifier,
			Name, URI, Status, Requester, Revision, Description) to ensure
			comparability of measurement results across implementations and
      environments. These characteristics are registered in the <xref
			target="IANA-PERF-METRIC">IANA target="IANA-PERF-METRIC" format="default">IANA "Performance Metrics"
			registry</xref>. Metrics
			Registry"</xref>. Metric naming follows the
			"MetricType_Method_SubTypeMethod_... Spec_Units_Output" convention
			defined in <xref section="7.1.2" sectionFormat="of"
			target="RFC8911"/>.</t> target="RFC8911" format="default"/>.</t>
      <t>This document defines the following performance metrics and
      IPFIX Information Elements:</t>

      <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
+------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|      Performance Metric            |  IPFIX Information Element    |
+------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|OWDelay_HybridType1_I               |pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds |
|P_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Mean (TBD1)|(TBD5)                         |
+------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|OWDelay_HybridType1_I               |pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds  |
|P_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Min (TBD2) |(TBD6)                         |
+------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|OWDelay_HybridType1_I               |pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds  |
|P_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Max (TBD3) |(TBD7)                         |
+------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|OWDelay_HybridType1_I               |pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds  |
|P_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Sum (TBD4) |(TBD8)                         |
+------------------------------------+-------------------------------+

Table 1: Mapping

<table anchor="tab-1">
  <name>Mapping Between IPFIX IEs and Performance Metrics
       ]]></artwork>
      </figure> Metrics</name>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Performance Metric</th>
      <th>IPFIX Information Element</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>OWDelay_HybridType1_I P_RFC9951_Seconds_Mean (27)</td>
      <td>pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds (530)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>OWDelay_HybridType1_I P_RFC9951_Seconds_Min (28)</td>
      <td>pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds (531)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>OWDelay_HybridType1_I P_RFC9951_Seconds_Max (29)</td>
      <td>pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds (532)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>OWDelay_HybridType1_I P_RFC9951_Seconds_Sum (30)</td>
      <td>pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds (533)</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

      <t>Assuming time synchronization on devices, the delay is measured
			by calculating the difference between the timestamp imposed with
			On-Path Telemetry in the packet at an OAM header encapsulating
			node and the timestamp exported in the IPFIX flow record from the
			OAM header transit and OAM header decapsulating nodes. The lowest,
			highest, mean, and the sum of measured path delay can be exported,
			thanks to the different IPFIX IE specifications.</t>
      <figure anchor="topology"
        title="Delay use case. anchor="topology">
        <name>Delay Use Case: Packets flow Flow from host Host 1 to host 2."> Host 2</name>
        <artwork align="center"><![CDATA[ align="center" name="" type="" alt=""><![CDATA[
                       On-Path Telemetry Domain
              .........................................
              .                                       .
              .    D1                                 .
              . x------->                              .
              .                                       .
              .          D2                           .
              . x-------------------->                .
              .                                       .
              .                  D3                   .
              . x---------------------------------->  .
              .                                       .
(H1) -----> (R0) ------> (R1) ------> (R2) -------> (R3) -----> (H2)
Host 1  Encapsulating   Transit      Transit   Decapsulating  Host 2
            Node         Node 1       Node 2        Node
              .                                       .
              .                                       .
              .........................................

]]></artwork>
              .........................................]]></artwork>
      </figure>
      <t>In the use case shown in <xref target="topology"/> target="topology" format="default"/>, using
			On-path
			On-Path Telemetry to export the delay metrics, the node R1 exports
			the delay D1, the node R2 exports the delay D2 D2, and the OAM header
			decapsulating node R3 exports the total delay D3 for the same flow
			using IPFIX.</t>
      <t>This solution enables the computation of delay metrics (minimum,
			maximum, and mean) directly on the OAM header transit and
			decapsulating node, allowing aggregation within the Flow Record.
			This reduces both export bandwidth and processing requirements on
			the Collector. To compute these metrics locally, the Exporter's
			Metering Process must perform per-packet caching and processing,
			particularly when computing mean delay under Flow Aggregation
			<xref target="RFC7015"/>. target="RFC7015" format="default"/>. A less computationally intensive
			alternative is to export the sum of delays, allowing the Collector
			to compute the mean via a simple division using the packet count.
      </t>
      <t>In contrast, if no delay processing occurs on the OAM header
			transit or decapsulating node, each packet must be exported as an
			individual Flow Record, including timestamp information, as
			specified in <xref target="I-D.ietf-opsawg-ipfix-alt-mark"/>. target="I-D.ietf-opsawg-ipfix-alt-mark" format="default"/>. The
			Collector must then compute the delay metrics and reconstruct the
			aggregated Flow Record accordingly.</t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="PM" title="Performance Metrics"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Performance Metrics</name>
      <t>This section defines four new performance metrics following
			the template defined in <xref section="11" sectionFormat="of"
			target="RFC8911"/>.</t>

      <t>IANA Note (to be removed): RFC 8192 Section 4 was taken a
			guiding example.</t> target="RFC8911" format="default"/>.</t>

      <section anchor="ip-ow-delay-hybridtype1-reg-entries"
     title="IP numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>IP One-Way Delay Hybrid Type I Performance Metrics"> Metrics</name>
        <t>This section specifies four performance metrics for the
				Hybrid Type I assessment of IP One-Way Delay, to be Delay; they have been
				registered in the <xref target="IANA-PERF-METRIC">IANA target="IANA-PERF-METRIC" format="default">IANA
				"Performance Metrics" registry</xref>.</t> Metrics Registry"</xref>.</t>
        <t>All column entries besides the Identifier, Name, URI,
				Description, Reference Description (Output only) categories are
				the same; thus, this section defines four closely related
				performance metrics. As a result, IANA has assigned
				corresponding URIs to each of the four registered performance
				metrics.</t>
        <section numbered="true" title="Summary"> toc="default">
          <name>Summary</name>
<!--[rfced] Should "element Identifier" be "Information Element identifier"?
The latter term is used in RFC 7011 (which you had mentioned in the intake form).

Original:
   This category includes multiple indexes of the registered performance
   metrics: the element Identifier and Metric Name.
-->
          <t>This category includes multiple indexes of the registered
          performance metrics: the element Identifier and Metric Name.
          </t>
          <section title="ID (Identifier)"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>ID (Identifier)</name>
            <t>IANA has allocated the numeric Identifiers TBD1, TBD2,
						TBD3, 27, 28,
						29, and TBD4 30 for the four Named Metric Entries in the
						following section.</t>

            <t>RFC EDITOR NOTE: please replace TBD1, TBD2, TBD3, and
						TBD4 with allocated IPFIX entity numbers.</t>
          </section>
          <section title="Name">
          <t>TBD1:
          OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Mean</t>

          <t>TBD2:
          OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Min</t>

          <t>TBD3:
          OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Max</t>

          <t>TBD4:
          OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Sum</t>

            <t>RFC EDITOR NOTE: please replace [RFC-to-be] with the
						allocated RFC document number.</t> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Name</name>

	    <dl newline="false">
              <dt>27:</dt>
              <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Mean</dd>
              <dt>28:</dt>
              <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Min</dd>
              <dt>29:</dt>
              <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Max</dd>
              <dt>30:</dt>
              <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Sum</dd>
	    </dl>
          </section>
          <section title="URI">
            <t>URI: <eref
            target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Mean"/></t>

            <t>URI: <eref
            target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Min"/></t>

            <t>URI: <eref
            target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Max"/></t>

            <t>URI: <eref
            target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Sum"/></t>

            <t>RFC EDITOR NOTE: please replace [RFC-to-be] with the
						allocated RFC document number.</t> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>URI</name>

	    <dl newline="true">
              <dt>URI:</dt>
	      <dd><eref target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Mean" brackets="angle"/></dd>
            <dt>URI:</dt>
	    <dd><eref target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Min" brackets="angle"/></dd>
            <dt>URI:</dt>
	    <dd><eref target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Max" brackets="angle"/></dd>
            <dt>URI:</dt>
	    <dd><eref target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Sum" brackets="angle"/></dd>
	    </dl>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Description">
          <t><list style="symbols">
          <t>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Mean:
          This numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Description</name>
<!--[rfced] FYI, we added "is" to make the 2nd sentence complete in each
definition below. Please let us know if a different meaning was intended.
For example:

Original:
  The measurement of one-way delay based on a single Observation Point
  [RFC7011] somewhere in the network.

Current:
  The measurement of one-way delay is based on a single Observation Point
  [RFC7011] somewhere in the network.
-->
          <dl spacing="normal" newline="true">
            <dt>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Mean:</dt>
            <dd>This metric assesses the mean of one-way delays of all
            successfully forwarded IP packets constituting a single Flow.  The
            measurement of one-way delay is based on a single Observation Point [RFC7011]
            <xref target="RFC7011"/> somewhere in the network.</t>

          <t>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Min:
          This network.</dd>
            <dt>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Min:</dt>
            <dd>This metric assesses the minimum of one-way delays of all
            successfully forwarded IP packets constituting a single Flow.  The
            measurement of one-way delay is based on a single Observation Point [RFC7011]
            <xref target="RFC7011"/> somewhere in the network.</t>

          <t>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Max:
          This network.</dd>
            <dt>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Max:</dt>
            <dd>This metric assesses the maximum of one-way delays of all
            successfully forwarded IP packets constituting a single Flow.  The
            measurement of one-way delay is based on a single Observation Point [RFC7011]
            <xref target="RFC7011"/> somewhere in the network.</t>

          <t>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Sum:
          This network.</dd>
            <dt>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Sum:</dt>
            <dd>This metric assesses the sum of one-way delays of all
            successfully forwarded IP packets constituting a single Flow.  The
            measurement of one-way delay is based on a single Observation Point [RFC7011]
            <xref target="RFC7011"/> somewhere in the network.</t>
          </list></t>

            <t>RFC EDITOR NOTE: please replace [RFC-to-be] with the
						allocated RFC document number.</t> network.</dd>
          </dl>
        </section>
        <section title="Reference">
          <t>[RFC-to-be]</t> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Reference</name>
          <t>RFC EDITOR NOTE: please replace [RFC-to-be] with the
						allocated RFC document number.</t> 9951</t>
        </section>
        <section title="Change Controller"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Change Controller</name>
          <t>IETF</t>
        </section>
        <section title="Version numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Version of Registry Format"> Format</name>
          <t>1.0</t>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section title="Metric Definition"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Metric Definition</name>
        <t>This category includes columns to prompt the entry of all
				necessary details related to the metric definition, including
				the immutable document reference and values of input factors,
				called "Fixed Parameters".</t>
        <section title="Reference Definition">
          <t>Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M., numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Reference Definition</name>
          <t>See <xref target="RFC6049"/> and A. Morton,
					Ed., "A One-Way Delay Metric for IP Performance Metrics
					(IPPM)", STD 81, RFC 7679, DOI 10.17487/RFC7679, January 2016,
          &lt;https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7679&gt;. <xref
          target="RFC7679"/></t>

          <t>Morton, A. and E. Stephan, "Spatial Composition of Metrics"
					, RFC 6049, DOI 10.17487/RFC6049, January 2011,
          &lt;https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6049&gt;. <xref
          target="RFC6049"/></t> target="RFC7679"/> in the
            Normative References (<xref target="norm_ref"/>).</t>
<!-- [rfced] FYI, we corrected this section number as follows; please review.
Section 2 of [RFC2330] is the copyright statement; the terms mentioned
are defined in Section 11 of [RFC2330].

Original:
   Note that terms such as "singleton" and "sample" are defined in
   Section 2 of [RFC2330].

Perhaps:
   Note that terms such as "singleton" and "sample" are defined in
   Section 11 of [RFC2330].
-->
          <t><xref section="3.4" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC7679"/> target="RFC7679" format="default"/>
          provides the reference definition of the singleton (single
					value) one-way delay metric. <xref section="4.4" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC7679"/> target="RFC7679" format="default"/> provides the reference
					definition expanded to cover a multi-value sample. Note that
					terms such as "singleton" and "sample" are defined in <xref
					section="2" section="11" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC2330"/>.</t> target="RFC2330" format="default"/>.</t>
          <t>With the Observation Point <xref target="RFC7011"/> target="RFC7011" format="default"/>
					typically located between the hosts participating in the IP
					Flow, the one-way delay metric requires one individual
					measurement between the Observation Point and sourcing host,
					such that the Spatial Composition <xref target="RFC6049"/> target="RFC6049" format="default"/> of
					the measurements yields a one-way delay singleton.</t>
          <t>This document specifies how to export the performance
					metric using IPFIX.</t>
        </section>
        <section title="Fixed Parameters"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Fixed Parameters</name>
          <t>None</t>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section title="Method numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Method of Measurement"> Measurement</name>
        <t>This category includes columns for references to relevant sections
        of the RFC(s) and any supplemental information needed to ensure an
        unambiguous method for implementations.</t>
        <section title="Reference Methods"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Reference Methods</name>
          <t>The foundational methodology for this metric is defined in <xref
          section="4" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC7323"/> target="RFC7323" format="default"/>
          using the Timestamps option with modifications that allow
          application at a mid-path Observation Point <xref
					target="RFC7011"/>.</t> target="RFC7011"
          format="default"/>.</t>
        </section>
        <section title="Packet numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Packet Stream Generation">
          <t>The Generation</name>
          <t>This is the time when the packet is being received at the OAM header
          encapsulating node. The timestamp format depends on the On-Path
          Telemetry implementation. For IOAM, <xref section="4.4.1"
          sectionFormat="of" target="RFC9197"/> target="RFC9197" format="default"/> describes the
          supported timestamps. Sections 4.4.2.3 <xref target="RFC9197"
          sectionFormat="bare" section="4.4.2.3"/> and 4.4.2.4 <xref target="RFC9197"
          sectionFormat="bare" section="4.4.2.4"/> of <xref target="RFC9197"/>  describe where the timestamp is
          being inserted. For the Enhanced Alternate Marking Method, <xref
          section="2" sectionFormat="of"
          target="I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking"/>
          target="I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking" format="default"/>
          and <xref section="3.2" sectionFormat="of"
					target="I-D.fz-spring-srv6-alt-mark"/> defines
          target="RFC9947" format="default"/> define the
          supported timestamp encodings and granularity.</t>
        </section>
        <section title="Traffic numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Traffic Filtering (Observation) Details"> Details</name>
          <t>Runtime Parameters (in the following sections) may be used
					for Traffic Filtering.</t>
        </section>
        <section title="Sampling Distribution"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Sampling Distribution</name>
          <t>This metric requires a partial sample of all packets that
					qualify according to the Traffic Filter criteria.</t>
        </section>
        <section title="Runtime numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Runtime Parameters and Data Format"> Format</name>
          <t>Runtime Parameters are input factors that must be
					determined, configured into a measurement system, and reported
					with the results for the context to be complete.</t>
          <t>The Hybrid Type I metering parameters must be reported to
					provide the complete measurement context. As an example, if
					the IPFIX Metering Process is used, then the IPFIX Metering
					Process parameters (IPFIX Template Record, potential traffic
					filters, and potential sampling method and parameters) that
					generate the Flow Records must be reported to provide the
					complete measurement context. At a minimum, the following
					fields are required:</t>

          <t><list style="hanging">
              <t hangText="Src:">The
          <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
            <dt>Src:</dt>
<!-- [rfced] RFC 6991 has been obsoleted by RFC 9911.  We have replaced each citation
of RFC 6991 with RFC 9911, as the section numbers seem to contain the data types being
mentioned. Please review and let us know any further updates. For example:

Original: or ipv6-address-no-zone value for IPv6; see Section 4 of [RFC6991]).
Current:  or ipv6-address-no-zone value for IPv6; see Section 4 of [RFC9911]).
-->
            <dd>The IP address of the host in the host A Role (format ipv4&nbhy;address-no-zone ipv4-address-no-zone value for IPv4 or
              ipv6-address-no-zone value for IPv6; see <xref section="4" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6991"/>).</t>

              <t hangText="Dst:">The target="RFC9911" format="default"/>).</dd>
            <dt>Dst:</dt>
            <dd>The IP address of the host in the host B Role (format ipv4&nbhy;address-no-zone ipv4-address-no-zone value for IPv4 or
              ipv6-address-no-zone value for IPv6; see <xref section="4" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6991"/>).</t>

              <t hangText="T0:">T target="RFC9911" format="default"/>).</dd>
            <dt>T0:</dt>
            <dd>T time, the start of a measurement
							interval (format "date/time" as specified in <xref section="5.6" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC3339"/>; target="RFC3339" format="default"/>; see
							also "date-and-time" in <xref section="3" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6991"/>). target="RFC9911" format="default"/>). The UTC Time Zone
							is required by <xref section="6.1" sectionFormat="of"
							target="RFC2330"/>. target="RFC2330" format="default"/>. When T0 is "all-zeros", a start time
							is unspecified unspecified, and Tf is to be interpreted as the duration
							of the measurement interval. The start time is controlled
							through other means.</t>

              <t hangText="Tf:">A means.</dd>
            <dt>Tf:</dt>
            <dd>A time, the end of a measurement
							interval (format "date/time" as specified in <xref section="5.6" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC3339"/>; target="RFC3339" format="default"/>; see
							also "date-and-time" in <xref section="3" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6991"/>). target="RFC9911" format="default"/>). The UTC Time Zone
							is required by <xref section="6.1" sectionFormat="of"
							target="RFC2330"/>. target="RFC2330" format="default"/>. When T0 is "all-zeros", an ending time
							and date is ignored are ignored, and Tf is interpreted as the duration
							of the measurement interval.</t>
            </list></t> interval.</dd>
          </dl>
        </section>
        <section title="Roles">
          <t><list style="hanging">
              <t hangText="host A:">Launches numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Roles</name>
          <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
            <dt>Host A:</dt>
            <dd>Launches an IP packet to start the
              Flow.</t>

              <t hangText="host B:">Receives
              Flow.</dd>
            <dt>Host B:</dt>
            <dd>Receives the IP packet to start the
              Flow.</t>

              <t hangText="OAM
              Flow.</dd>
            <dt>OAM Header Encapsulating Node:"> Node:</dt>
            <dd> Receives the
							IP packets, encapsulates the packets with the OAM header header,
							and adds the timestamp into the OAM header.</t>

              <t hangText="OAM header.</dd>
            <dt>OAM Header Transit Node:">Receives Node:</dt>
            <dd>Receives the IP
							packets, measures the delay between the timestamp in the
							packet and the timestamp when the packet was received.</t>

              <t hangText="OAM received.</dd>
            <dt>OAM Header Decapsulating Node:">Receives Node:</dt>
            <dd>Receives the
							IP packets, computes the delay between the timestamp in
							the packet and the timestamp when the packet was received received,
							and removes the OAM header from the packet.</t>
            </list></t> packet.</dd>
          </dl>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section title="Output"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Output</name>
        <t>This category specifies all details of the output of
				measurements using the metric.</t>
        <section title="Type"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Type</name>
          <t>OWDelay Types are discussed in the subsections below.</t>
        </section>
        <section title="Reference Definition"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Reference Definition</name>
          <t>For all output types:</t>

          <t><list style="hanging">
              <t hangText="OWDelay_HybridType1_IP:">The
          <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
            <dt>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP:</dt>
            <dd>The one-way
							delay of one IP packet is a Singleton</t>
            </list></t> Singleton.</dd>
          </dl>
          <t>For each &lt;statistic&gt; Singleton Singleton, one of the following
          subsections applies.</t>
          <section
		 title="OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Mean"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Mean</name>
            <t>Similar to <xref section="7.4.2.2" sectionFormat="of"
            target="RFC8912"/>, target="RFC8912" format="default"/>, the mean SHALL <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> be calculated using the
            conditional distribution of all packets with a finite value
						of one-way delay (undefined delays are excluded) -- a single
						value, as follows:</t>
<!--[rfced] We suggest changing "analysis choice" (4 instances) to
"analytic choice" or "analytical choice", because "analysis" is a noun.
We note the term "analysis choice" is only used RFC 8912. For example:

Original:
   see Section 5 of [RFC6703] for background on this analysis choice.

Suggested:
   see Section 5 of [RFC6703] for background on this analytic choice.
-->
            <t>See <xref section="4.1" sectionFormat="of"
						target="RFC3393"/> target="RFC3393" format="default"/> for details on the conditional
						distribution to exclude undefined values of delay, and see
						<xref section="5" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6703"/> target="RFC6703" format="default"/> for
						background on this analysis choice.</t>
            <t>See <xref section="4.2.2" sectionFormat="of"
						target="RFC6049"/> target="RFC6049" format="default"/> for details on calculating this
						statistic; see also <xref section="4.2.3" sectionFormat="of"
						target="RFC6049"/>.</t>

            <t><list style="hanging">
                <t hangText="Mean:">The target="RFC6049" format="default"/>.</t>
            <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
              <dt>Mean:</dt>
              <dd>The time value of the result is
								expressed in units of microseconds, as a positive value
                of type decimal64 with fraction digits = 9 (similar to
                the
                decimal64 in YANG, <xref section="9.3" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6020"/>) target="RFC6020" format="default"/>) with a resolution
								of 0.001&nbsp;microseconds 0.001 microseconds (1.0 ns), and with
								lossless conversion to/from the 64-bit NTP timestamp as
								per <xref section="6" sectionFormat="of"
                target="RFC5905"/>.
								</t>
            </list></t> target="RFC5905" format="default"/>.
								</dd>
            </dl>
          </section>
          <section
			title="OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Min"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Min</name>
            <t>Similar to <xref section="7.4.2.3" sectionFormat="of"
            target="RFC8912"/>, target="RFC8912" format="default"/>, the minimum SHALL <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> be calculated using
						the conditional distribution of all packets with a finite
						value of one-way delay (undefined delays are excluded) -- a
						single value, as follows:</t>
            <t>See <xref section="4.1" sectionFormat="of"
						target="RFC3393"/> target="RFC3393" format="default"/> for details on the conditional
						distribution to exclude undefined values of delay, and see
						<xref section="5" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6703"/> target="RFC6703" format="default"/> for
						background on this analysis choice.</t>
            <t>See <xref section="4.3.2" sectionFormat="of"
						target="RFC6049"/> target="RFC6049" format="default"/> for details on calculating this
						statistic; see also <xref section="4.3.3" sectionFormat="of"
						target="RFC6049"/>.</t>

            <t><list style="hanging">
                <t hangText="Min:">The target="RFC6049" format="default"/>.</t>
            <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
              <dt>Min:</dt>
              <dd>The time value of the result is
								expressed in units of microseconds, as a positive value
								of type decimal64 with fraction digits = 9 (similar to
								the
								decimal64 in YANG, <xref section="9.3" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6020"/>) target="RFC6020" format="default"/>) with a resolution
								of 0.001&nbsp;microseconds 0.001 microseconds (1.0 ns), and with
								lossless conversion to/from the 64-bit NTP timestamp as
								per <xref section="6" sectionFormat="of"
								target="RFC5905"/>.
								</t>
             </list></t> target="RFC5905" format="default"/>.
								</dd>
            </dl>
          </section>
          <section
			title="OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Max"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Max</name>
            <t>Similar to <xref section="7.4.2.4" sectionFormat="of"
            target="RFC8912"/>, target="RFC8912" format="default"/>, the maximum SHALL <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> be calculated using
						the conditional distribution of all packets with a finite
						value of one-way delay (undefined delays are excluded) -- a
						single value, as follows:</t>
            <t>See <xref section="4.1" sectionFormat="of"
						target="RFC3393"/> target="RFC3393" format="default"/> for details on the conditional
						distribution to exclude undefined values of delay, and see
						<xref section="5" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6703"/> target="RFC6703" format="default"/> for
						background on this analysis choice.</t>
            <t>See <xref section="4.3.2" sectionFormat="of"
						target="RFC6049"/> target="RFC6049" format="default"/> for a closely related method for
						calculating this statistic; see also <xref section="4.3.3" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6049"/>. target="RFC6049" format="default"/>. The formula is as
						follows:</t>

            <t><figure>
                <artwork><![CDATA[
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
 Max = (FiniteDelay[j])
 such that for some index, j, where 1 <= j <= N
 FiniteDelay[j] >= FiniteDelay[n] for all n
 ]]></artwork>
              </figure></t>

            <t>where all packets n = 1 through N have finite singleton
            delays.</t>

            <t><list style="hanging">
                <t hangText="Max:">The
            <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
              <dt>Max:</dt>
              <dd>The time value of the result is
								expressed in units of microseconds, as a positive value
								of type decimal64 with fraction digits = 9 (similar to
								the
								decimal64 in YANG, <xref section="9.3" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6020"/>) target="RFC6020" format="default"/>) with a resolution
								of 0.001&nbsp;microseconds 0.001 microseconds (1.0 ns), and with
								lossless conversion to/from the 64-bit NTP timestamp as
								per <xref section="6" sectionFormat="of"
								target="RFC5905"/>.
								</t>
            </list></t> target="RFC5905" format="default"/>.
								</dd>
            </dl>
          </section>
          <section
			title="OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Sum"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Sum</name>
            <t>The sum SHALL <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> be calculated using the conditional
						distribution of all packets with a finite value of one-way
						delay (undefined delays are excluded) -- a single value, as
						follows:</t>
            <t>See <xref section="4.1" sectionFormat="of"
						target="RFC3393"/> target="RFC3393" format="default"/> for details on the conditional
						distribution to exclude undefined values of delay, and see
						<xref section="5" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6703"/> target="RFC6703" format="default"/> for
						background on this analysis choice.</t>
            <t>See <xref section="4.3.5" sectionFormat="of"
						target="RFC6049"/> target="RFC6049" format="default"/> for details on calculating this
						statistic, however
						statistic; however, in this case case, FiniteDelay or MaxDelay MAY <bcp14>MAY</bcp14>
						be used.</t>

            <t><list style="hanging">
                <t hangText="Sum:">The
            <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
              <dt>Sum:</dt>
              <dd>The time value of the result is
								expressed in units of microseconds, as a positive value
								of type decimal64 with fraction digits = 9 (similar to
								the
								decimal64 in YANG, <xref section="9.3" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC6020"/>) target="RFC6020" format="default"/>) with a resolution
								of 0.001&nbsp;microseconds 0.001 microseconds (1.0 ns), and with
								lossless conversion to/from the 64-bit NTP timestamp as
								per <xref section="6" sectionFormat="of"
								target="RFC5905"/>.
								</t>
            </list></t> target="RFC5905" format="default"/>.
								</dd>
            </dl>
          </section>
          <section title="Metric Units">
            <t><list style="symbols"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Metric Units</name>
            <ul spacing="normal">
              <li>
                <t>Mean</t>
              </li>
              <li>
                <t>Min</t>
              </li>
              <li>
                <t>Max</t>
              </li>
              <li>
                <t>Sum</t>
              </list></t>
              </li>
            </ul>
            <t>The one-way delay of the IP Flow singleton is expressed
						in microseconds.</t>
          </section>
          <section title="Calibration"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Calibration</name>
            <t>A clock synchronization between the nodes of the monitored OAM
            domain is needed to compute representative delay measurements at
            the OAM header transit and decapsulating nodes. NTP, as defined in
            <xref
						target="RFC5905"/>, target="RFC5905" format="default"/>, can be used for
            synchronizing the clocks of the monitored nodes.</t>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Administrative Items"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Administrative Items</name>
          <section title="Status"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Status</name>
            <t>Current</t>
          </section>
          <section title="Requester">
            <t>RFC[RFC-to-be]</t> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Requester</name>
            <t>RFC EDITOR NOTE: please replace [RFC-to-be] with the
						allocated RFC document number and [RFC-date] with the
						date when the RFC has been published.</t> 9951</t>
          </section>
          <section title="Revision"> numbered="true" toc="default">
            <name>Revision</name>
            <t>1.0</t>
          </section>
          <section title="Revision Date">
            <t>RFC[RFC-date]</t> numbered="true" toc="default">
<!--[rfced] FYI, Revision Date will be updated before publication.-->
            <name>Revision Date</name>
            <t>2026-MM-DD</t>
          </section>
        </section>
        <section title="Comments numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Comments and Remarks">
          <t>none</t> Remarks</name>
          <t>None</t>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="Use-Cases" title="Use Cases"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Use Cases</name>
<!--[rfced] Please clarify "as defined to the following [...] dimensions";
should it be "as defined across the following [...] dimensions"?

Original:
   The measured On-Path delay can be aggregated with Flow Aggregation as
   defined in [RFC7015] to the following device and control-plane
   dimensions [IANA-IPFIX] to determine:

Perhaps:
   The measured On-Path delay can be aggregated with Flow Aggregation as
   defined in [RFC7015] across the following device and control-plane
   dimensions [IANA-IPFIX] to determine:
-->
      <t>The measured On-Path delay can be aggregated with Flow
			Aggregation as defined in <xref target="RFC7015"/> target="RFC7015" format="default"/> to the
			following device and control-plane dimensions <xref
			target="IANA-IPFIX"/> target="IANA-IPFIX" format="default"/> to determine:</t>

      <t><list style="symbols">
      <ul spacing="normal">
        <li>
          <t>With node id and egressInterface(14), on which node which
					logical egress interfaces have been contributing to how much
					delay.</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>With node id and egressPhysicalInterface(253), on which
					node which physical egress interfaces have been contributing
					to how much delay.</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>With ipNextHopIPv4Address(15) or ipNextHopIPv6Address(62),
					the forwarding path to which next-hop IP contributed to how
					much delay.</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>With mplsTopLabelIPv4Address(47) or destinationIPv6Address
					and srhActiveSegmentIPv6(495), the forwarding path to which
					MPLS top label top-label IPv4 address or IPv6 destination address and
					SRv6
					Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) active segment contributed to how much delay.</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>BGP communities <xref target="RFC1997"/> target="RFC1997" format="default"/> are often used for
          setting a path priority or service selection. With
          bgpDestinationExtendedCommunityList(488) or
          bgpDestinationCommunityList(485) or
          bgpDestinationLargeCommunityList(491)
          bgpDestinationLargeCommunityList(491), which group of prefixes
          accumulated at which node how much delay.</t>
        </li>
        <li>
          <t>With destinationIPv4Address(13), destinationTransportPort(11), protocolIdentifier (4)
          protocolIdentifier(4), and sourceIPv4Address(8), or equivalent IPFIX
          IEs for IPv6, the forwarding path delay on each node from each IPv4
          source address to a specific application in the network.</t>
        </list></t>

      <t>Let
        </li>
      </ul>
<!-- [rfced] FYI, we simplified this sentence as follows; please review.

Original:
   Let us consider the example depicted in Figure 1 from Section 1 as
   topology example. Below example table

Current:
    Let us consider Figure 1 as a topology example.
-->
      <t>Let us consider <xref target="topology"/> as a topology
      example. <xref target="tab-2"/> shows the aggregated delay per each
      node, ingressInterface,(10) ingressInterface(10), egressInterface(14),
      destinationIPv6Address(28)
      destinationIPv6Address(28), and srhActiveSegmentIPv6(495) measured at
      ingress.</t>

      <t><figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
+-----------+-----------+------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
| ingress   | egress    | Node | destination | srhActive   |   Path    |
| Interface | Interface |      | IPv6Address | SegmentIPv6 |   Delay   |
+-----------+-----------+------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
|    271    |    276    |  R0  |             |             |    0 µs   |
+-----------+-----------+------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
|    301    |    312    |  R1  | 2001:db8::1 | 2001:db8::3 |   22 µs   |
+-----------+-----------+------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
|    22     |     27    |  R2  | 2001:db8::2 | 2001:db8::3 |   42 µs   |
+-----------+-----------+------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
|    852    |    854    |  R3  | 2001:db8::3 | 2001:db8::3 |  122 µs   |
+-----------+-----------+------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
<table anchor="tab-2">
  <name>Example Table 2: Example table of measured delay Measured Delay at ingress. Ingress, Ascending by delay.
       ]]></artwork>
        </figure></t> Delay</name>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>ingress Interface</th>
      <th>egress Interface</th>
      <th>Node</th>
      <th>destination IPv6Address</th>
      <th>srhActive SegmentIPv6</th>
      <th>Path Delay</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>271</td>
      <td>276</td>
      <td>R0</td>
      <td></td>
      <td></td>
      <td>0 µs</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>301</td>
      <td>312</td>
      <td>R1</td>
      <td>2001:db8::1</td>
      <td>2001:db8::3</td>
      <td>22 µs</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>22</td>
      <td>27</td>
      <td>R2</td>
      <td>2001:db8::2</td>
      <td>2001:db8::3</td>
      <td>42 µs</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>852</td>
      <td>854</td>
      <td>R3</td>
      <td>2001:db8::3</td>
      <td>2001:db8::3</td>
      <td>122 µs</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

    </section>
    <section anchor="IANA" title="IANA Considerations"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>IANA Considerations</name>
      <section anchor="PM-IANA" title="Performance Metrics">
        <t>This document requests IANA to numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Performance Metrics</name>
        <t>IANA has add four new performance metrics under
        in the "Performance Metrics" registry Metrics Registry" <xref
				target="RFC8911"/> target="RFC8911"
        format="default"/> with the four templates defined in Section 3. <xref target="Solution"/>.
        </t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="IE-IANA" title="IPFIX Entities">
        <t>This document requests IANA to register numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>IPFIX Entities</name>
        <t>IANA has registered new IPFIX IEs (see
				table 3) under <xref target="tab-3"/>)
        in the "IPFIX Information Elements" registry under in the "IP Flow
        Information Export (IPFIX) Entities" registry group <xref target="IANA-IPFIX"/>
        target="IANA-IPFIX" format="default"/> and assign assigned the following initial
        code points.</t>

        <t><figure>
            <artwork><![CDATA[
     +-------+--------------------------------+
     |Element|              Name              |
     |   ID  |                                |
     +-------+--------------------------------+
     | TBD5  | pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds |
     |       |                                |
     +-------+--------------------------------+
     | TBD6  | pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds  |
     |       |                                |
     +-------+--------------------------------+
     | TBD7  | pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds  |
     |       |                                |
     +-------+--------------------------------+
     | TBD8  | pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds  |
     |       |                                |
     +-------+--------------------------------+
  Table 3: New
<table anchor="tab-3">
  <name>New IPFIX IEs in the "IPFIX Information Elements" Registry
       ]]></artwork>
          </figure></t>

        <t>Note to the RFC-Editor:</t>

        <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>Please replace TBD5 - TBD8 with the values allocated by
            IANA</t>

            <t>Please replace all instances of [RFC-to-be] in this
						section with the RFC number assigned to this document</t>
          </list></t> Registry</name>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>ElementID</th>
      <th>Name</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>530</td>
      <td>pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>531</td>
      <td>pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>532</td>
      <td>pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>533</td>
      <td>pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

        <section anchor="IANApathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds"
                 title="pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds</name>
          <dl>
            <dt>Name:</dt>
            <dd>pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>ElementID:</dt>

            <dd>TBD5</dd>
            <dd>530</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Description:</dt>
            <dd>This Information Element identifies the mean path delay of all
            packets in the Flow, in microseconds, between an OAM header
            encapsulating node and the local node with the OAM domain (either
            an OAM header transit node or an OAM header decapsulating node),
            according to
						OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Mean OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Mean in the
            IANA Performance Metric Registry.</dd> "Performance Metrics Registry".</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Abstract Data Type:</dt>
            <dd>unsigned32</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Data Type Semantics:</dt>
            <dd>deltaCounter</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Reference:</dt>

            <dd>[RFC-to-be]</dd>
            <dd>RFC 9951</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Additional Information:</dt>

          <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Mean
            <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Mean in the IANA Performance Metric Registry.</dd>
            "Performance Metrics Registry".</dd>
          </dl>
        </section>
        <section anchor="IANApathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds"
                 title="pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds</name>
          <dl>
            <dt>Name:</dt>
            <dd>pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>ElementID:</dt>

            <dd>TBD6</dd>
            <dd>531</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Description:</dt>
            <dd>This Information Element identifies the lowest path delay of
            all packets in the Flow, in microseconds, between an OAM header
            encapsulating node and the local node with the OAM domain (either
            an OAM header transit node or an OAM header decapsulating node),
            according to the
						OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Min OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Min in the
            IANA Performance Metric Registry.</dd> "Performance Metrics Registry".</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Abstract Data Type:</dt>
            <dd>unsigned32</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Data Type Semantics:</dt>
            <dd>deltaCounter</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Reference:</dt>

            <dd>[RFC-to-be]</dd>
            <dd>RFC 9951</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Additional Information:</dt>

           <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Min
            <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Min
					  in the IANA Performance Metric Registry.</dd> "Performance Metrics Registry".</dd>
          </dl>
        </section>
        <section anchor="IANApathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds"
                 title="pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds</name>
          <dl>
            <dt>Name:</dt>
            <dd>pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>ElementID:</dt>

            <dd>TBD7</dd>
            <dd>532</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Description:</dt>
            <dd>This Information Element identifies the highest path delay of
            all packets in the Flow, in microseconds, between an OAM header
            encapsulating node and the local node with the OAM domain (either
            an OAM header transit node or an OAM header decapsulating node),
            according to
						OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Max OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Max in the
            IANA Performance Metric Registry.</dd> "Performance Metrics Registry".</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Abstract Data Type:</dt>
            <dd>unsigned32</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Data Type Semantics:</dt>
            <dd>deltaCounter</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Reference:</dt>

            <dd>[RFC-to-be]</dd>
            <dd>RFC 9951</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Additional Information:</dt>

           <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Max
            <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Max in the IANA Performance Metric Registry.</dd>
            "Performance Metrics Registry".</dd>
          </dl>
        </section>
        <section anchor="IANApathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds"
                 title="pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds"> numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds</name>
          <dl>
            <dt>Name:</dt>
            <dd>pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>ElementID:</dt>

            <dd>TBD8</dd>
            <dd>533</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Description:</dt>
            <dd>This Information Element identifies the sum of the path delay
            of all packets in the Flow, in microseconds, between an OAM header
            encapsulating node and the local node with the OAM domain (either
            an OAM header transit node or an OAM header decapsulating node),
            according to
            OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Sum OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Sum in the
            IANA Performance Metric Registry.</dd> "Performance Metrics Registry".</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Abstract Data Type:</dt>
            <dd>unsigned64</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Data Type Semantics:</dt>
            <dd>deltaCounter</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Reference:</dt>

            <dd>[RFC-to-be]</dd>
            <dd>RFC 9951</dd>
          </dl>
          <dl>
            <dt>Additional Information:</dt>

           <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC[RFC-to-be]_Seconds_Sum
            <dd>OWDelay_HybridType1_IP_RFC9951_Seconds_Sum in the IANA Performance Metric Registry.</dd>
            "Performance Metrics Registry".</dd>
          </dl>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="Operational" title="Operational Considerations"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Operational Considerations</name>
      <section anchor="OpsTimeAccuracy" title="Time Accuracy">
        <t>The numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Time Accuracy</name>
        <t>In terms of clock precision, the same recommendation as defined in <xref section="4.5" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC5153"/> target="RFC5153" format="default"/> for IPFIX applies in terms
				of clock precision
				to this document as well.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="OpsMeanDelay" title="Mean Delay"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Mean Delay</name>
<!--[rfced] How may this be rephrased to avoid the odd phrase
"offload the IPFIX Exporter from calculating the mean"?
Specifically, rather than "offload X from doing a task", we can
offload the task - or we can offload X by doing the task elsewhere.

Original:
   The mean (average) path delay can be calculated by dividing the
   pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds(533) by the packetDeltaCount(2) at the
   IPFIX data collection in order to offload the IPFIX Exporter from
   calculating the mean for every Flow at export time.

Perhaps ("offload" changed to "prevent"):
   The mean (average) path delay can be calculated by dividing the
   pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds(533) by the packetDeltaCount(2) at the
   IPFIX data collection in order to prevent the IPFIX Exporter from
   calculating the mean for every Flow at export time.
-->

        <t>The mean (average) path delay can be calculated by dividing
				the pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds(TBD8) pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds(533) by the
				packetDeltaCount(2) at the IPFIX data collection in order to
				offload the IPFIX Exporter from calculating the mean for every
				Flow at export time.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="OpsReducedSizeEncoding" title="Reduced-size
			encoding"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Reduced-Size Encoding</name>
<!--[rfced] We suggest changing "being accounted" to "being counted" here.
Please review the intended meaning.

Original:
   Unsigned64 has been chosen as type for pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds
   to support cases with large delay numbers and where many packets are
   being accounted.

Perhaps:
   Unsigned64 has been chosen as type for pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds
   to support cases with large delay numbers and where many packets are
   being counted.
-->
        <t>Unsigned64 has been chosen as the type for
        pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds to support cases with large delay
        numbers and where many packets are being accounted. As an
				example, a specific Flow Record with path delay of 100
				milliseconds cannot observe more than 42949 packets without
				overflowing the unsigned32 counter. The procedure described in
				<xref section="6.2" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC7011"/> target="RFC7011" format="default"/> may be
				applied to reduce network bandwidth between the IPFIX Exporter
				and Collector if unsigned32 would be large enough without
				wrapping around.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="MeasurementInterval"
			title="Measurement Interval"> numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Measurement Interval</name>
        <t>The delay metrics are computed for the Flow Record life time lifetime
		     by comparing the OAM timestamps in each received packet with
				 the timestamp when they were received. For a long-running Flow,
				 the IPFIX Metering Process might miss the temporal distribution
				 of the delay (for example, a longer delay only at the beginning
				 of the Flow). If this is an operational problem, the IPFIX Metering
				 Process might be configured with a smaller expiration timeout
				 (see Section 5.1.1. Flow Expiration "Flow Expiration", <xref section="5.1.1" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC5470"/>).
        </t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="OpsIoamApplication" title="In-Packet numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>In-Packet OAM Application"> Application</name>
        <t>Multiple methods can be used to compute the delay performance
        metrics defined in this document. Some examples of such methods
				are IOAM <xref target="RFC9197"/> target="RFC9197" format="default"/> and Enhanced Alternate Marking
				<xref target="I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking"/>.</t> target="I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking" format="default"/>.</t>
        <t>For IOAM, these performance metrics can be computed using the
        Edge-to-Edge and the Direct Exporting Option-Type.</t>
        <t>IOAM Edge-to-Edge Option-Type, as described in <xref section="4.6" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC9197"/>, target="RFC9197" format="default"/>, can use
				bits 2 and 3. In this case, timestamps are encoded as defined in
				Sections 4.4.2.3 <xref target="RFC9197" sectionFormat="bare" section="4.4.2.3"/> and 4.4.2.4 <xref target="RFC9197" sectionFormat="bare" section="4.4.2.4"/> of <xref target="RFC9197"/>. target="RFC9197" format="default"/>. This
				timestamp can be used to compute the delay between an
				OAM header encapsulating node and the decapsulating node.</t>

        <t>IOAM
        <t>The IOAM Direct Exporting Option-Type, as described in <xref
        target="RFC9326"/>, target="RFC9326" format="default"/>, can use the Extension-Flag defined in <xref
        target="I-D.ahuang-ippm-dex-timestamp-ext"/> target="I-D.ahuang-ippm-dex-timestamp-ext" format="default"/> to insert a
				timestamp in the OAM header encapsulating node. The timestamp is
				encoded as defined in Sections 4.4.2.3 <xref target="RFC9197" sectionFormat="bare" section="4.4.2.3"/> and 4.4.2.4 <xref target="RFC9197" sectionFormat="bare" section="4.4.2.4"/> of <xref
				target="RFC9197"/>. target="RFC9197" format="default"/>. This timestamp can be used to compute the
				delay between the inserted timestamp and the OAM header transit
				and decapsulating node.</t>
<!--[rfced] Should "node" be plural "nodes"? In other words, is this about
both an intermediate node and decapsulating node?
Also, is it accurate that "on-path delay" should be "On-Path delay" as it is
elsewhere in this document?

Original:
   [...] and be read at the OAM header intermediate and decapsulating
   node to calculate the on-path delay.

Perhaps:
   [...] and be read at the OAM header intermediate and decapsulating
   nodes to calculate the On-Path delay.
-->
        <t>For the Enhanced Alternate Marking Method, <xref section="2" sectionFormat="of"
				target="I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking"/> target="I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking" format="default"/> and <xref section="3.2" sectionFormat="of"
				target="I-D.fz-spring-srv6-alt-mark"/> defines target="RFC9947"/> define that, within the
				metaInfo, a nanosecond timestamp can be encoded in an
				OAM header encapsulating node and be read at the OAM header
				intermediate and decapsulating node to calculate the on-path
				delay. <xref target="RFC9343"/> target="RFC9343" format="default"/> defines how this can be applied
				to the IPv6 extensions header header, and <xref
				target="I-D.fz-spring-srv6-alt-mark"/> target="RFC9947" format="default"/> defines how this can be
				applied to the SRv6 Segment Routing Header <xref
				target="RFC8754"/>.</t> target="RFC8754" format="default"/>.</t>
        <t>Given that the delay measurements are computed with the
				timestamp introduced on the OAM header encapsulating node,
				regardless of the approach, implementations should document at
				which point of the forwarding plane this timestamp is introduced
				(e.g.
				(e.g., the time at which the packet was received by the node, the
				time at which the packet was transmitted by the node, etc.).
				Based on this information, different actions can be taken.
        </t>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="Security" title="Security Considerations"> numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>Security Considerations</name>
      <t>The IPFIX Information Elements introduced in this document do
			not directly introduce security issues. Rather, they define a set
			of performance metrics that may, for privacy or business issues,
			be considered sensitive information.</t>
<!--[rfced] Is the intended meaning that attacks by the receiver
may be possible? If so, we suggest changing "for" to "by" or
rephrasing otherwise.

Original:
   For example, exporting delay metrics may make attacks possible for
   the receiver of this information; ...

Perhaps:
   For example, exporting delay metrics may make attacks possible by
   the receiver of this information; ...
-->
      <t>For example, exporting delay metrics may make attacks possible
			for the receiver of this information; otherwise, this would otherwise only be
			possible for direct observers of the reported Flows along the data
			path.</t>
      <t>IPFIX collectors MUST <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> ensure that IPFIX data originates from
			trusted sources. Accepting IPFIX data from unauthenticated sources
			could lead to data spoofing, policy misapplication, or denial of
			service.</t>

      <t>The
      <t>Therefore, the underlying protocol used to exchange the information
			described here must therefore apply appropriate procedures to
			guarantee the integrity and confidentiality of the exported
			information. These protocols are defined in separate documents,
			specifically documents;
			specifically, see the IPFIX security considerations in <xref section="11" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC7011"/>. target="RFC7011" format="default"/>. Implementations SHOULD <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> also
			refer to <xref target="BCP195"/> target="BCP195" format="default"/> for additional details.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Implementation" title="Implementation Status">
      <t>Note to the RFC-Editor: Please remove this section before
      publishing.</t>

      <section anchor="VPP" title="FD.io VPP">
        <t>INSA Lyon implemented the following IEs as part of a
				prototype in the FD.io VPP (Vector Packet Processing) platform:
				</t>

        <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds</t>

            <t>pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds</t>

            <t>pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds</t>

            <t>pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>The open source code can be obtained here: <xref
        target="INSA-Lyon-VPP"/> and was validated at the IETF 116
        hackathon.</t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="Huawei" title="Huawei VRP">
        <t>Huawei implemented the following IEs as part of a production
        implementation in the VRP platform:</t>

        <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds</t>

            <t>pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds</t>

            <t>pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds</t>

            <t>pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>The implementation was validated at the IETF 116 hackathon.
				</t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="Fluvia" title="Fluvia">
        <t>NTT Com implemented the following IEs

  </middle>
  <back>
    <displayreference target="I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking" to="ENH-ALT-MARKING"/>
    <displayreference target="I-D.ahuang-ippm-dex-timestamp-ext" to="IOAM-DEX"/>
    <displayreference target="I-D.ietf-opsawg-ipfix-alt-mark" to="IPFIX-ALT-MARK"/>
    <references>
      <name>References</name>
      <references anchor="norm_ref">
        <name>Normative References</name>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.3339.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5905.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6049.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7011.xml"/>
<!-- [rfced] [RFC7012] is not cited in the Fluvia Exporter:
				</t>

        <t><list style="symbols">
            <t>pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds</t>

            <t>pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds</t>

            <t>pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds</t>

            <t>pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>The open source code can text.  Please let us know
where it should be obtained here: <xref
        target="NTT-Fluvia"/> and was validated at the IETF 118
				hackathon.</t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="pmacct" title="Pmacct Data Collection">
        <t>Paolo Lucente implemented the IE
				pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds by dividing IE
				pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds by IE packetDeltaCount in the open
				source Network Telemetry data collection project pmacct.</t>

        <t>The source code can cited; otherwise it will be obtained here: <xref
        target="Paolo-Lucente-Pmacct"/> and was validated at deleted from the IETF
				116 hackathon.</t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Acknowledgements" title="Acknowledgements">
      <t>The authors would like to thank Al Morton (Rest in Peace, Al),
			Justin Iurman, Giuseppe Fioccola, Yannick Buchs, Menachem Dodge
			Martin Duke, Behcet Sarikaya, Mahesh Jethanandani, Linda Dunbar,
			Deb Cooley, Mike Bishop, Tim Wicinski, Gunter Van de Velde
references section.

   [RFC7012] Claise, B., Ed. and
      Éric Vyncke's B. Trammell, Ed., "Information Model for their review and valuable comments. Special
      thanks to Paul Aitken (as IPFIX Designated Expert), Greg Mirsky
      (as
   IP Performance Metrics Designated Expert), and to Med Boucadair
      for their very detailed feedback.</t>
    </section>
  </middle>

  <back>
    <references title="Normative References">
      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.3339.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5905.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6049.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7011.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7012.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7323.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7679.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8174.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8911.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8912.xml'?>

      <?rfc include="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml9/reference.BCP.0195.xml"?> Flow Information Export (IPFIX)", RFC 7012, DOI 10.17487/RFC7012,
   September 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7012>.
-->

        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7012.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7323.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7679.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8174.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8911.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8912.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml9/reference.BCP.195.xml"/>
      </references>

    <references title="Informative References">
      <references>
        <name>Informative References</name>
        <reference anchor="IANA-PERF-METRIC"
                 target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/performance-metrics.xhtml"> target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics">
          <front>
          <title>IANA Performance Metric Registry</title>
          <author/>
            <title>Performance Metrics</title>
            <author>
              <organization>IANA</organization>
            </author>
            <date/>
          </front>
        </reference>
        <reference anchor="IANA-IPFIX"
                 target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/ipfix/ipfix.xhtml"> target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/ipfix">
          <front>
          <title>IANA IP
            <title>IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Entities
          Registry</title>

          <author/> Entities</title>
            <author>
              <organization>IANA</organization>
            </author>
            <date/>
          </front>
        </reference>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.1997.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2330.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.3393.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5153.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5470.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6020.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6703.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6991.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7015.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7799.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8754.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9197.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9232.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9326.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9343.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml-ids/reference.I-D.ietf-opsawg-ipfix-alt-mark.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml-ids/reference.I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml-ids/reference.I-D.fz-spring-srv6-alt-mark.xml'?>

      <?rfc include='https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml-ids/reference.I-D.ahuang-ippm-dex-timestamp-ext.xml'?>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.1997.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2330.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.3393.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5153.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5470.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6020.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6703.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7015.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7799.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8754.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9197.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9232.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9326.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9343.xml"/>
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9911.xml"/>

<!-- [I-D.ietf-opsawg-ipfix-alt-mark]
draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-alt-mark-04
IESG State: I-D Exists as of 3/30/26
-->
        <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml3/reference.I-D.ietf-opsawg-ipfix-alt-mark.xml"/>

<!-- [I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking]
draft-zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking-18
IESG State: I-D Exists as of 3/30/26
-->
<reference anchor="INSA-Lyon-VPP"
                 target="https://github.com/network-analytics/vpp-srh-onpath-telemetry"> anchor="I-D.zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking" target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking-18">
   <front>
          <title>INSA Lyon, FD.io VPP implementation</title>

          <author/>

          <date/>
      <title>Enhanced Alternate Marking Method</title>
      <author initials="T." surname="Zhou" fullname="Tianran Zhou" role="editor">
         <organization>Huawei</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="G." surname="Fioccola" fullname="Giuseppe Fioccola">
         <organization>Huawei</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="Y." surname="Liu" fullname="Yisong Liu">
         <organization>China Mobile</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="M." surname="Cociglio" fullname="Mauro Cociglio">
         <organization>Telecom Italia</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="R." surname="Pang" fullname="Ran Pang">
         <organization>China Unicom</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="L." surname="Xiong" fullname="Lixia Xiong">
         <organization>CITC</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="S." surname="Lee" fullname="Shinyoung Lee">
         </author>
      <author initials="W." surname="Li" fullname="Weidong Li">
         <organization>Huawei</organization>
      </author>
      <date month="December" day="5" year="2025" />
   </front>
   <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-zhou-ippm-enhanced-alternate-marking-18" />

</reference>

<!--draft-fz-spring-srv6-alt-mark in AUTH48-DONE as 9947 as of 3/30/26 -->
<reference anchor="NTT-Fluvia"
                 target="https://github.com/nttcom/fluvia/"> anchor="RFC9947" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9947">
   <front>
          <title>NTT Com, Fluvia Exporter</title>

          <author/>

          <date/>
      <title>Application of the Alternate-Marking Method to the Segment Routing Header</title>
      <author initials="G." surname="Fioccola" fullname="Giuseppe Fioccola">
         <organization>Huawei</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="T." surname="Zhou" fullname="Tianran Zhou">
         <organization>Huawei</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="G." surname="Mishra" fullname="Gyan Mishra">
         <organization>Verizon Inc.</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="X." surname="Wang" fullname="Xuewei Wang">
         <organization>Ruijie</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="G." surname="Zhang" fullname="Geng Zhang">
         <organization>China Mobile</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="M." surname="Cociglio" fullname="Mauro Cociglio">
         </author>
      <date month="March" year="2026" />
   </front>
   <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9947" />
</reference>

<!-- draft-ahuang-ippm-dex-timestamp-ext-00
IESG State: Expired
inserted full reference in order to fix author name (A. Huang-Feng)
-->
<reference anchor="Paolo-Lucente-Pmacct"
                 target="https://github.com/pmacct/pmacct"> anchor="I-D.ahuang-ippm-dex-timestamp-ext" target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ahuang-ippm-dex-timestamp-ext-00">
  <front>
          <title>Paolo Lucente, Pmacct open source Network Telemetry
					Data Collection</title>

          <author/>

          <date/>
    <title>Timestamp extension for In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) Direct Export</title>
    <author fullname="Alex Huang Feng" initials="A." surname="Huang Feng">
      <organization>INSA-Lyon</organization>
    </author>
    <author fullname="Pierre Francois" initials="P." surname="Francois">
      <organization>INSA-Lyon</organization>
    </author>
    <author fullname="Benoît Claise" initials="B." surname="Claise">
      <organization>Huawei</organization>
    </author>
    <author fullname="Thomas Graf" initials="T." surname="Graf">
      <organization>Swisscom</organization>
    </author>
    <date day="15" month="February" year="2023"/>
    <abstract>
      <t>This document extends the In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) Direct Export option type to support timestamping by adding and defining two optional timestamp fields and corresponding flags.</t>
    </abstract>
  </front>
  <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ahuang-ippm-dex-timestamp-ext-00"/>
</reference>

      </references>
    </references>
    <section anchor="Encoding-Example" title="IPFIX numbered="true" toc="default">
      <name>IPFIX Encoding Examples"> Examples</name>
<!-- [rfced] FYI, this sentence has been updated to remove the pointer
 to Section 1. Rationale: Figure 1 is specific enough for the reader to
 find the information. And it's in Section 3, not Section 1.

Original:
   Taking Figure 1 from Section 1 as topology example.

Current:
   Let's take Figure 1 as a topology example.
-->
      <t>This appendix represents two different encodings for the newly
      introduced IEs. Taking Figure 1 from Section 1 Let's take <xref target="topology"/> as a topology example.
      Below example Table 4
      <xref target="tab-4"/> shows the aggregated delay with ingressInterface,
      egressInterface, destinationIPv6Address destinationIPv6Address, and srhActiveSegmentIPv6.</t>

      <t><figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
 +------ +------+-----------+-----------+------+-------+-------+-------+
 |ingress|egress|destination|srhActive  |packet|path   |path   |path   |
 |Inter  |Inter |IPv6Address|SegmentIPv6|Delta |Delay  |Delay  |Delay  |
 |face   |face  |           |           |Count |Mean   |Min    |Max    |
 |       |      |           |           |      |Delta  |Delta  |Delta  |
 |       |      |           |           |      |Micro..|Micro..|Micro..|
 +-------+------+-----------+-----------+------+-------+-------+-------+
 |  271  |  276 |2001:db8::3|2001:db8::2|  5   | 36 µs | 22 µs | 74 µs |
 +-------+------+-----------+-----------+------+-------+-------+-------+

<!--[rfced] For Table 4: Aggregated delay 4, is it correct that the column headers
are intended as the names of the IEs? If so, we recommend
rotating the table (so the column headers become the first column) as shown
in the edited document. Please review and let us know any updates,
or if you want to revert to the previous format. (We note that Table 2
also adds spaces into IE names, perhaps in order get line breaks within
the cell; please let us know if you'd like to make any updates to Table 2.)

Original (column headers):
  path Delay Mean Delta Micro..
  path Delay Min Delta Micro..
  path Delay Max Delta Micro..

Perhaps intended as the IE names:
  pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds
  pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds
  pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds
-->
<table anchor="tab-4">
  <name>Aggregated Delay with egressInterface and srhActiveSegmentIPv6
       ]]></artwork>
        </figure></t> srhActiveSegmentIPv6</name>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>ingressInterface</td>
      <td>271</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>egressInterface</td>
      <td>276</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>destinationIPv6Address</td>
      <td>2001:db8::3</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>srhActiveSegmentIPv6</td>
      <td>2001:db8::2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>packetDeltaCount</td>
      <td>5</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds</td>
      <td>36 µs</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds</td>
      <td>22 µs</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds</td>
      <td>74 µs</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

      <section anchor="Aggregated-OnPath-Delay-Examples"
               title="Aggregated numbered="true" toc="default">
        <name>Aggregated On-Path Delay Examples"> Examples</name>
        <section anchor="Template-Record-and-Data-Set-with-MeanDelta"
                 title="Template numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Template Record and Data Set with Mean Delta"> Delta</name>
          <t>With encoding in Figure 2, <xref target="fig-2"/>, the mean (average) path delay is
          calculated on the exporting node.</t>

          <t><list style="symbols">
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>Ingress interface =&gt; ingressInterface</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Egress interface =&gt; egressInterface</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>IPv6 destination address =&gt; destinationIPv6Address
              </t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Active SRv6 Segment =&gt; srhActiveSegmentIPv6</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Packet Delta Count =&gt; packetDeltaCount</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Minimum One-Way Delay =&gt;
							pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds (TBD6)</t> (531)</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Maximum One-Way Delay =&gt;
							pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds (TBD7)</t> (532)</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Mean One-Way Delay =&gt; pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds
              (TBD5)</t>
            </list></t>
              (530)</t>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <figure title="Template anchor="fig-2">
            <name>Template Record for pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds.">
              <artwork><![CDATA[ pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds</name>
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|          SET ID = 2           |       Length = 40             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|      Template ID = 256        |      Field Count = 8          |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|     ingressInterface = 10   |      Field Length = 4         |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|     egressInterface = 14    |      Field Length = 4         |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0| destinationIPv6Address = 28 |      Field Length = 16        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0| srhActiveSegmentIPv6 = 495  |      Field Length = 16        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0| packetDeltaCount = 5        |      Field Length = 4         |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0| pathDelayMeanDelta.. = TBD5 530  |      Field Length = 4         |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0| pathDelayMinDelta.. = TBD6 531   |      Field Length = 4         |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0| pathDelayMaxDelta.. = TBD7 532   |      Field Length = 4         |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            ]]></artwork>
          </figure>
          <t>The data set is represented as follows:</t>
          <figure title="Data anchor="fig-3">
            <name>Data Set Encoding for pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds.">
            <artwork><![CDATA[ pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds</name>
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|         SET ID = 256          |           Length = 60         |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           ingressInterface =  271                             |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           egressInterface =  276                              |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           destinationIPv6Address =                            |
|                          ...                                  |
|                          ...                                  |
|                          2001:db8::2                          |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           srhActiveSegmentIPv6 = ...                          |
|                          ...                                  |
|                          ...                                  |
|                          2001:db8::3                          |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           packetDeltaCount = 5                                |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           pathDelayMeanDeltaMicroseconds =  36                |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds =  22                 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds =  74                 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork>
          </figure>
        </section>
        <section anchor="Template-Record-and-Data-Set-with-SumDelta"
                 title="Template numbered="true" toc="default">
          <name>Template Record and Data Set with Sum Delta"> Delta</name>
          <t>With encoding in <xref target="template-sum"/>, target="template-sum" format="default"/>, the mean (average) path delay is
          calculated on the IPFIX data collection.</t>

          <t><list style="symbols">
          <ul spacing="normal">
            <li>
              <t>Ingress interface =&gt; ingressInterface</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Egress interface =&gt; egressInterface</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>IPv6 destination address =&gt; destinationIPv6Address
              </t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Active SRv6 Segment =&gt; srhActiveSegmentIPv6</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Packet Delta Count =&gt; packetDeltaCount</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Minimum One-Way Delay =&gt;
							pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds (TBD6)</t> (531)</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Maximum One-Way Delay =&gt;
							pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds (TBD7)</t> (532)</t>
            </li>
            <li>
              <t>Sum of One-Way Delay =&gt;
							pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds (TBD8)</t>
            </list></t> (533)</t>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <figure anchor="template-sum" title="Template anchor="template-sum">
            <name>Template Record for pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds.">
              <artwork><![CDATA[ pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds.</name>
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          SET ID = 2           |       Length = 40             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      Template ID = 257        |      Field Count = 8          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |0|     ingressInterface = 10   |      Field Length = 4         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |0|     egressInterface = 14    |      Field Length = 4         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |0| destinationIPv6Address = 28 |      Field Length = 16        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |0| srhActiveSegmentIPv6 = 495  |      Field Length = 16        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |0| packetDeltaCount = 5        |      Field Length = 4         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |0| pathDelayMinDelta.. = TBD6 531   |      Field Length = 4         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |0| pathDelayMaxDelta.. = TBD7 532   |      Field Length = 4         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |0| pathDelaySumDelta.. = TBD8 533   |      Field Length = 8         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            ]]></artwork>
          </figure>
          <t>The data set is represented as follows:</t>

          <figure title="Data
          <figure>
            <name>Data Set Encoding for pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds">
            <artwork><![CDATA[ pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds</name>
            <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         SET ID = 257          |           Length = 64         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           ingressInterface =  271                             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           egressInterface =  276                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           destinationIPv6Address =                            |
   |                          ...                                  |
   |                          ...                                  |
   |                          2001:db8::2                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           srhActiveSegmentIPv6 = ...                          |
   |                          ...                                  |
   |                          ...                                  |
   |                          2001:db8::3                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           packetDeltaCount = 5                                |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           pathDelayMinDeltaMicroseconds =  22                 |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           pathDelayMaxDeltaMicroseconds =  74                 |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           pathDelaySumDeltaMicroseconds =  180                |
   |                          ...                                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            ]]></artwork>
          </figure>
        </section>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Acknowledgements" numbered="false" toc="default">
      <name>Acknowledgements</name>
      <t>The authors would like to thank <contact fullname="Al Morton"/> (Rest
      in Peace, Al), <contact fullname="Justin Iurman"/>, <contact
      fullname="Giuseppe Fioccola"/>, <contact fullname="Yannick Buchs"/>,
      <contact fullname="Menachem Dodge"/>, <contact fullname="Martin Duke"/>,
      <contact fullname="Behcet Sarikaya"/>, <contact fullname="Mahesh
      Jethanandani"/>, <contact fullname="Linda Dunbar"/>, <contact
      fullname="Deb Cooley"/>, <contact fullname="Mike Bishop"/>, <contact
      fullname="Tim Wicinski"/>, <contact fullname="Gunter Van de Velde"/>,
      and <contact fullname="Éric Vyncke"/> for their review and valuable
      comments. Special thanks to <contact fullname="Paul Aitken"/> (as IPFIX
      Designated Expert), <contact fullname="Greg Mirsky"/> (as IP Performance
      Metrics Designated Expert), and to <contact fullname="Med Boucadair"/>
      for their very detailed feedback.</t>
    </section>
<!--[rfced] Terminology: Please let us know if you would like this term
to appear consistently within this document; usage is currently mixed.

Flow Record (8 instances) vs. flow record (1 instance)
Singleton (2 instances) vs. singleton (5 instances)
-->

<!-- [rfced] Please review the "Inclusive Language" portion of the online
Style Guide <https://www.rfc-editor.org/styleguide/part2/#inclusive_language>
and let us know if any changes are needed.  Updates of this nature typically
result in more precise language, which is helpful for readers.

Note that our script did not flag any words in particular, but this should
still be reviewed as a best practice.
-->

  </back>
</rfc>