Template::Declare::Tags(3)

NAME
Template::Declare::Tags - Build and install XML Tag subroutines for Template::Declare

SYNOPSIS
    package MyApp::Templates;

    use base 'Template::Declare';
    use Template::Declare::Tags 'HTML';

    template main => sub {
        link {}
        table {
            row {
                cell { "Hello, world!" }
            }
        }
        img { attr { src => 'cat.gif' } }
        img { src is 'dog.gif' }
    };

Produces:

 <link />
 <table>
  <tr>
   <td>Hello, world!</td>
  </tr>
 </table>
 <img src="cat.gif" />
 <img src="dog.gif" />

Using XUL templates with a namespace:

    package MyApp::Templates;

    use base 'Template::Declare';
    use Template::Declare::Tags
        'XUL', HTML => { namespace => 'html' };

    template main => sub {
        groupbox {
            caption { attr { label => 'Colors' } }
            html::div { html::p { 'howdy!' } }
            html::br {}
        }
    };

Produces:

 <groupbox>
  <caption label="Colors" />
  <html:div>
   <html:p>howdy!</html:p>
  </html:div>
  <html:br></html:br>
 </groupbox>

DESCRIPTION
"Template::Declare::Tags" is used to generate templates and install subroutines for tag sets into the calling namespace.

You can specify the tag sets to install by providing a list of tag modules in the "use" statement:

    use Template::Declare::Tags qw/ HTML XUL /;

By default, Template::Declare::Tags uses the tag set provided by Template::Declare::TagSet::HTML. So

    use Template::Declare::Tags;

is equivalent to

    use Template::Declare::Tags 'HTML';

Currently Template::Declare bundles the following tag sets: Template::Declare::TagSet::HTML, Template::Declare::TagSet::XUL, Template::Declare::TagSet::RDF, and Template::Declare::TagSet::RDF::EM.

You can specify your own tag set classes, as long as they subclass Template::Declare::TagSet and implement the corresponding methods (e.g. "get_tag_list").

If you implement a custom tag set module named "Template::Declare::TagSet::Foo", you can load it into a template module like so:

    use Template::Declare::Tags 'Foo';

If your tag set module is not under the Template::Declare::TagSet namespace, use the "from" option to load it. Fore example, if you created a tag set named "MyTag::Foo", then you could load it like so:

    use Template::Declare::Tags Foo => { from => 'MyTag::Foo' };

XML namespaces are emulated by Perl packages. For example, to embed HTML tags within XUL using the "html" namespace:

    package MyApp::Templates;

    use base 'Template::Declare';
    use Template::Declare::Tags 'XUL', HTML => { namespace => 'html' };

    template main => sub {
        groupbox {
            caption { attr { label => 'Colors' } }
            html::div { html::p { 'howdy!' } }
            html::br {}
        }
    };

This will output:

 <groupbox>
  <caption label="Colors" />
  <html:div>
   <html:p>howdy!</html:p>
  </html:div>
  <html:br></html:br>
 </groupbox>

Behind the scenes, "Template::Declare::Tags" generates a Perl package named "html" and installs the HTML tag subroutines into that package. On the other hand, XUL tag subroutines are installed into the current package, namely, "MyApp::Templates" in the previous example.

There may be cases when you want to specify a different Perl package for a particular XML namespace. For instance, if the "html" Perl package has already been used for other purposes in your application and you don't want to install subs there and mess things up, use the "package" option to install them elsewhere:

    package MyApp::Templates;
    use base 'Template::Declare';
    use Template::Declare::Tags 'XUL', HTML => {
        namespace => 'htm',
        package   => 'MyHtml'
    };

    template main => sub {
        groupbox {
            caption { attr { label => 'Colors' } }
            MyHtml::div { MyHtml::p { 'howdy!' } }
            MyHtml::br {}
        }
    };

This code will generate something like the following:

 <groupbox>
  <caption label="Colors" />
  <htm:div>
   <htm:p>howdy!</htm:p>
  </htm:div>
  <htm:br></htm:br>
 </groupbox>

METHODS AND SUBROUTINES

  Declaring templates
template TEMPLATENAME => sub { 'Implementation' };

    template select_list => sub {
        my $self = shift;
        select {
            option { $_ } for @_;
        }
    };

Declares a template in the current package. The first argument to the template subroutine will always be a "Template::Declare" object. Subsequent arguments will be all those passed to show(). For example, to use the above example to output a select list of colors, you'd call it like so:

    Template::Declare->show('select_list', qw(red yellow green purple));

You can use any URL-legal characters in the template name; "Template::Declare" will encode the template as a Perl subroutine and stash it where show() can find it.

(Did you know that you can have characters like ":" and "/" in your Perl subroutine names? The easy way to get at them is with "can").

private template TEMPLATENAME => sub { 'Implementation' };

    private template select_list => sub {
        my $self = shift;
        select {
            option { $_ } for @_;
        }
    };

Declares that a template isn't available to be called directly from client code. The resulting template can instead only be called from the package in which it's created.

  Showing templates
show [$template_name or $template_coderef], args

    show( main => { user => 'Bob' } );

Displays templates. The first argument is the name of the template to be displayed. Any additional arguments will be passed directly to the template.

"show" can either be called with a template name or a package/object and a template. (It's both functional and OO.)

If called from within a Template::Declare subclass, then private templates are accessible and visible. If called from something that isn't a Template::Declare, only public templates will be visible.

From the outside world, users can either call "Template::Declare->show()", show() exported from Template::Declare::Tags or Template::Declare::Tags::show() directly to render a publicly visible template.

Private templates may only be called from within the "Template::Declare" package.

show_page

    show_page( main => { user => 'Bob' } );

Like show(), but does not dispatch to private templates. It's used internally by show() when when that method is called from outside a template class.

  Attributes
attr HASH

    attr { src => 'logo.png' };

Specifies attributes for the element tag in which it appears. For example, to add a class and ID to an HTML paragraph:

    p {
       attr {
           class => 'greeting text',
           id    => 'welcome',
       };
       'This is a welcoming paragraph';
    }

ATTR is VALUE

Attributes can also be specified by using "is", as in

    p {
       class is 'greeting text';
       id    is 'welcome';
       'This is a welcoming paragraph';
    }

A few tricks work for 'is':

    http_equiv is 'foo'; # => http-equiv="foo"
    xml__lang is 'foo';  # => xml:lang="foo"

So double underscore replaced with colon and single underscore with dash.

with

    with ( id => 'greeting', class => 'foo' ),
        p { 'Hello, World wide web' };

An alternative way to specify attributes for a tag, just for variation. The standard way to do the same as this example using "attr" is:

    p { attr { id => 'greeting', class => 'foo' }
        'Hello, World wide web' };

  Displaying text and raw data
outs STUFF

    p { outs 'Grettings & welcome pyoonie hyoomon.' }

HTML-encodes its arguments and appends them to "Template::Declare"'s output buffer. This is similar to simply returning a string from a tag function call, but is occasionally useful when you need to output a mix of things, as in:

    p { outs 'hello'; em { 'world' } }

outs_raw STUFF

   p { outs_raw "That's what <em>I'm</em> talking about!' }

Appends its arguments to "Template::Declare"'s output buffer without HTML escaping.

  Installing tags and wrapping stuff
install_tag TAGNAME, TAGSET

    install_tag video => 'Template::Declare::TagSet::HTML';

Sets up TAGNAME as a tag that can be used in user templates. TAGSET is an instance of a subclass for Template::Declare::TagSet.

smart_tag_wrapper

    # create a tag that has access to the arguments set with L</with>.
    sub sample_smart_tag (&) {
        my $code = shift;

        smart_tag_wrapper {
            my %args = @_; # set using 'with'
            outs( 'keys: ' . join( ', ', sort keys %args) . "\n" );
            $code->();
        };
    }

    # use it
    with ( foo => 'bar', baz => 'bundy' ), sample_smart_tag {
        outs( "Hello, World!\n" );
    };

The output would be

    keys: baz, foo
    Hello, World!

The smart tag wrapper allows you to create code that has access to the attribute arguments specified via "with". It passes those arguments in to the wrapped code in @_. It also takes care of putting the output in the right place and tidying up after itself. This might be useful to change the behavior of a template based on attributes passed to "with".

create_wrapper WRAPPERNAME => sub { 'Implementation' };

    create_wrapper basics => sub {
        my $code = shift;
        html {
            head { title { 'Welcome' } };
            body { $code->() }
        }
    };

"create_wrapper" declares a wrapper subroutine that can be called like a tag sub, but can optionally take arguments to be passed to the wrapper sub. For example, if you wanted to wrap all of the output of a template in the usual HTML headers and footers, you can do something like this:

    package MyApp::Templates;
    use Template::Declare::Tags;
    use base 'Template::Declare';

    BEGIN {
        create_wrapper wrap => sub {
            my $code = shift;
            my %params = @_;
            html {
                head { title { outs "Hello, $params{user}!"} };
                body {
                    $code->();
                    div { outs 'This is the end, my friend' };
                };
            }
        };
    }

    template inner => sub {
        wrap {
            h1 { outs "Hello, Jesse, s'up?" };
        } user => 'Jesse';
    };

Note how the "wrap" wrapper function is available for calling after it has been declared in a "BEGIN" block. Also note how you can pass arguments to the function after the closing brace (you don't need a comma there!).

The output from the "inner" template will look something like this:

 <html>
  <head>
   <title>Hello, Jesse!</title>
  </head>
  <body>
   <h1>Hello, Jesse, s&#39;up?</h1>
   <div>This is the end, my friend</div>
  </body>
 </html>

  Helpers
xml_decl HASH

    xml_decl { 'xml', version => '1.0' };

Emits an XML declaration. For example:

    xml_decl { 'xml', version => '1.0' };
    xml_decl { 'xml-stylesheet',  href => "chrome://global/skin/", type => "text/css" };

Produces:

 <?xml version="1.0"?>
 <?xml-stylesheet href="chrome://global/skin/" type="text/css"?>

current_template

    my $path = current_template();

Returns the absolute path of the current template

current_base_path

    my $path = current_base_path();

Returns the absolute base path of the current template

under

"under" is a helper function providing semantic sugar for the "mix" method of Template::Declare.

setting

"setting" is a helper function providing semantic sugar for the "mix" method of Template::Declare.

VARIABLES

@Template::Declare::Tags::EXPORT
    Holds the names of the static subroutines exported by this class. Tag subroutines generated by tag sets, however, are not included here.

@Template::Declare::Tags::TAG_SUB_LIST
    Contains the names of the tag subroutines generated from a tag set.

    Note that this array won't get cleared automatically before another "use Template::Decalre::Tags" statement.

    @Template::Declare::Tags::TagSubs is aliased to this variable for backward-compatibility.

$Template::Declare::Tags::TAG_NEST_DEPTH
    Controls the indentation of the XML tags in the final outputs. For example, you can temporarily disable a tag's indentation by the following lines of code:

        body {
            pre {
              local $Template::Declare::Tags::TAG_NEST_DEPTH = 0;
              script { attr { src => 'foo.js' } }
            }
        }

    It generates

     <body>
      <pre>
     <script src="foo.js"></script>
      </pre>
     </body>

    Note that now the "script" tag has no indentation and we've got what we want. ;)

$Template::Declare::Tags::SKIP_XML_ESCAPING
    Disables XML escape postprocessing entirely. Use at your own risk.

SEE ALSO
Template::Declare::TagSet::HTML, Template::Declare::TagSet::XUL, Template::Declare.

AUTHORS
Jesse Vincent <jesse@bestpractical.com>

Agent Zhang <agentzh@yahoo.cn>

COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2006-2009 Best Practical Solutions, LLC.