vbap
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## vbap

vbap — Distributes an audio signal among many channels.

## Description

Distributes an audio signal amongmany channels, up to 64 in the first form, arbitrary in the second.

## Syntax

    ar1[, ar2...] vbap asig, kazim [,
        kelev] [, kspread] [, ilayout]

    array[] vbap asig, kazim [,
        kelev] [, kspread] [, ilayout]

## Initialization

ilayout -- index of the speaker layout in the range 0-99, corresponding to a call to vbaplsinit.

## Performance

asig -- audio signal to be panned

kazim -- azimuth angle of the virtual source

kelev (optional) -- elevation angle of the virtual source

kspread (optional) -- spreading of the virtual source (range 0 - 100). If value is zero, conventional amplitude panning is used. When kspread is increased, the number of loudspeakers used in panning increases. If value is 100, the sound is applied to all loudspeakers.

vbap takes an input signal, asig and distributes it among the outputs, according to the controls kazim and kelev, and the configured loudspeaker placement. If idim = 2, kelev is set to zero. The distribution is performed using Vector Base Amplitude Panning (VBAP - See reference). VBAP distributes the signal using loudspeaker data configured with vbaplsinit. The signal is applied to, at most, two loudspeakers in 2-D loudspeaker configurations, and three loudspeakers in 3-D loudspeaker configurations. If the virtual source is panned outside the region spanned by loudspeakers, the nearest loudspeakers are used in panning.

| Warning
Please note that all vbap panning opcodes require the vbap system to be initialized using vbaplsinit.

## Examples

See the entry for vbap8 for an example of usage of the vbap opcodes.

## Reference

Ville Pulkki: “Virtual Sound Source Positioning Using Vector Base Amplitude Panning” Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 1997 June, Vol. 45/6, p. 456.

## Examples

Here is an example of the vbap opcode. It uses the file vbap.csd.

Example 1104. Example of the vbap opcode.

See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
    -odac  ;;;realtime audio out
    ;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too
    ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
    ; -o vbap.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
    </CsOptions>
    <CsInstruments>

    sr = 44100
    ksmps = 32
    nchnls = 4	;quad
    0dbfs  = 1

    vbaplsinit 2, 4, 0, 90, 180, 270

    instr 1

    asig diskin2 "beats.wav", 1, 0, 1			;loop beats.wav
    kaz  line 0, p3, p4					;come from right rear speaker &
    a1,a2,a3,a4 vbap  asig, 180, 100, kaz			;change spread of soundsource
         printks "spread of source = %d\n", 1, kaz		;print spread value
         outq a1,a2,a3,a4

    endin
    </CsInstruments>
    <CsScore>

    i 1 0 12 100

    e
    </CsScore>
    </CsoundSynthesizer>

Its output should include lines like these:

    spread of source = 0
    spread of source = 8
    spread of source = 17
    spread of source = 25
    spread of source = 33
    spread of source = 42
    spread of source = 50
    spread of source = 58
    spread of source = 67
    spread of source = 75
    spread of source = 83
    spread of source = 92
    spread of source = 100

## See Also

vbapmove, vbap16, vbap16move, vbap4, vbap4move, vbap8, vbap8move, vbaplsinit, vbapz, vbapzmove

## Credits

Author: Ville Pulkki
Sibelius Academy Computer Music Studio
Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing
Helsinki University of Technology
Helsinki, Finland
May 2000
Author: John ffitch
July 2012, Sept 2013

New in Csound Version 5.17.13.

Array version new in Csound Version 6.01.

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