Qt 4.8: Simple Selector Example

Qt Reference Documentation

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# Simple Selector Example

Files:

- webkit/simpleselector/window.cpp
- webkit/simpleselector/window.h
- webkit/simpleselector/window.ui
- webkit/simpleselector/main.cpp
- webkit/simpleselector/simpleselector.pro

The Simple Selector example shows how to use QWebElement to access the Document Object Model (DOM) in a Web page.

The QWebElement class enables access to the document structure and content in a Web page, as represented by a QWebFrame instance. It can be used for basic traversal of the document structure (see the DOM Traversal Example), to search for particular elements, and to modify any elements found.

This example uses a QWebView widget to display a Web page. A QLineEdit widget and QPushButton allow the user to enter a query and highlight the results in the page. These widgets are contained in an instance of the `Window` class, which we described below.

## Window Class Definition

The `Window` class describes the example's user interface and this is partially described by the `window.ui` file, created using Qt Designer:

     #include "ui_window.h"

     class Window : public QWidget, private Ui::Window
     {
         Q_OBJECT

     public:
         Window(QWidget *parent = 0);
         void setUrl(const QUrl &url);

     public slots:
         void on_elementLineEdit_returnPressed();
         void on_highlightButton_clicked();
     };

We use multiple inheritance to include the user interface description. We define slots that will automatically respond to signals emitted by certain user interface controls.

## Window Class Implementation

Since the layout of the user interface is provided by the `window.ui` user interface file, we only need to call the setupUi() in the constructor:

     Window::Window(QWidget *parent)
         : QWidget(parent)
     {
         setupUi(this);
     }

This adds all the controls to the window and sets up connections between their signals and suitably-named slots in the `Window` class. The QLineEdit instance was given a name of `elementLineEdit` in Qt Designer, so the `on_elementLineEdit_returnPressed()` slot is automatically connected to its returnPressed() signal.

This slot performs the main work of this example. We begin by obtaining a QWebFrame instance for the current page shown in the QWebView widget. Each QWebFrame contains a QWebElement instance that represents the document, and we obtain this in order to examine its contents:

     void Window::on_elementLineEdit_returnPressed()
     {
         QWebFrame *frame = webView->page()->mainFrame();

         QWebElement document = frame->documentElement();
         QWebElementCollection elements = document.findAll(elementLineEdit->text());

         foreach (QWebElement element, elements)
             element.setAttribute("style", "background-color: #f0f090");
     }

Taking the contents of the QLineEdit as the query text, we call the element's findAll() function to obtain a list of elements that match the query.

For each element obtained, we modify its style by setting its `style` attribute to give it a yellow background color.

Since we also want the query to be performed when the user clicks the Highlight button, we also implement the `on_highlightButton_clicked()` slot to simply call the `on_elementLineEdit_returnPressed()` slot when it is invoked:

     void Window::on_highlightButton_clicked()
     {
         on_elementLineEdit_returnPressed();
     }

For completeness, we also implement a `setUrl()` function which simply passes on a QUrl instance to the equivalent function in the QWebView widget:

     void Window::setUrl(const QUrl &url)
     {
         webView->setUrl(url);
     }

## Starting the Example

The main function implementation is simple. We set up the application, create a `Window` instance, set its URL, and show it:

     #include <QtGui>
     #include "window.h"

     int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     {
         QApplication app(argc, argv);
         Window window;
         window.setUrl(QUrl("http://www.webkit.org"));
         #if defined Q_OS_SYMBIAN || defined Q_WS_HILDON || defined Q_WS_MAEMO_5 || defined Q_WS_SIMULATOR
             window.showMaximized();
         #else
             window.show();
         #endif
         return app.exec();
     }

When the application's event loop is run, the WebKit home page will load, and the user can then begin to start running queries against the contents of the page. The highlighting can only be removed by reloading the page. To do this, open a context menu over the page and select the Reload menu item.

## Further Reading

The QWebElement documentation contains more information about DOM access for the QtWebKit classes.

In this example, we take advantage of Qt's auto-connection feature to avoid explicitly connecting signals to slots.