package Data::Censor;

use 5.006;
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use Carp;

use Ref::Util qw/ is_hashref /;

=head1 NAME

Data::Censor - censor sensitive stuff in a data structure

=head1 VERSION

Version 0.04

=cut

our $VERSION = '0.04';


=head1 SYNOPSIS

    # OO way, letting you specify your own list of sensitive-looking fields, and
    # what they should be replaced by (all options here are optional)
    my $censor = Data::Censor->new(
        # Specify which fields to censor:
        sensitive_fields => [ qw(card_number password) ],

        # Specify text to replace their values with:
        replacement => '(Sensitive data hidden)',

        # Or specify callbacks for each field name which return the "censored"
        # value - in this case, masking a card number (PAN) to show only the
        # last four digits:
        replacement_callbacks => {
            card_number => sub {
                my $pan = shift;
                return "x" x (length($pan) - 4) . substr($pan, -4, 4);
            },
        },
    );
    
    # Censor the data in-place (changes the data structure, returns the number
    # of keys censored)
    my $censor_count = $censor->censor(\%data);

    # Alternate non-OO interface, using default settings and returning a cloned
    # version of the data after censoring:
    my $censored_data = Data::Censor->clone_and_censor(\%data);


=head1 new (CONSTRUCTOR)

Accepts the following arguments:

=over

=item sensitive_fields

Either an arrayref of sensitive fields, checked for equality, or a regex to test
against each key to see if it's considered sensitive.

=item replacement

The string to replace each value with.  Any censoring callback provided in
C<replacement_callbacks> which matches this key will take precedence over this
straightforward value.

=item replacement_callbacks

A hashref of key => sub {...}, where each key is a column name to match, and the
coderef takes the uncensored value and returns the censored value, letting you
for instance mask a card number but leave the last 4 digits visible.

If you provide both C<replacement> and C<replacement_callbacks>, any callback
defined which matches the key being considered takes precedence.

=back

=cut

sub new {
    my $class = shift;
    my %args  = @_;

    my $self = bless {} => $class;

    if ( ref $args{sensitive_fields} eq 'Regexp' ) {
        $self->{censor_regex} = $args{sensitive_fields};
    } elsif ( ref $args{sensitive_fields} eq 'ARRAY' ) {
        $self->{is_sensitive_field} = {
            map { $_ => 1 } @{ $args{sensitive_fields} }
        };
    } else {
        $self->{is_sensitive_field} = {
            map { $_ => 1 } qw(
              pass         password     old_password   secret
              private_key  cardnum      card_number    pan
              cvv          cvv2         ccv
            )
        };
    }

    if ( is_hashref $args{replacement_callbacks} ) {
        $self->{replacement_callbacks} = $args{replacement_callbacks};
    }
    if ( exists $args{replacement} ) {
        $self->{replacement} = $args{replacement};
    } else {
        $self->{replacement} = 'Hidden (looks potentially sensitive)';
    }

    $self->{recurse_limit} = $args{recurse_limit} || 100;

    return $self;
}

=head1 METHODS

=head2 censor

Given a data structure (hashref), clones it and returns the cloned version after
censoring potentially sensitive data within.

=cut

sub censor {
    my ( $self, $data, $recurse_count, $visited ) = @_;
    $recurse_count ||= 0;
    $visited       ||= {};

    no warnings 'recursion';    # we're checking ourselves.

    if ( $recurse_count++ > $self->{recurse_limit} ) {
        warn "Data exceeding $self->{recurse_limit} levels";
        return;
    }

    croak('censor expects a hashref') unless is_hashref $data;

    my $censored = 0;
    for my $key ( keys %$data ) {

        if ( is_hashref $data->{$key} ) {
            $censored
              += $self->censor( $data->{$key}, $recurse_count, $visited )
              unless $visited->{ $data->{$key} }++;
            next;
        }

        next unless
          (    $self->{is_sensitive_field}
            && $self->{is_sensitive_field}{ lc $key } )
          or ( $self->{censor_regex} && $key =~ $self->{censor_regex} );

        # OK, censor this
        if ( $self->{replacement_callbacks}{ lc $key } ) {
            $data->{$key} = $self->{replacement_callbacks}{ lc $key }->(
                $data->{$key}
            );
            $censored++;
        } else {
            $data->{$key} = $self->{replacement};
            $censored++;
        }
    }

    return $censored;
}

=head2 clone_and_censor

Clones the provided hashref (using L<Clone> - will die if not installed), then
censors the cloned data and returns it.

Can be used both as a class or object method - the former for a quick way to use
it without having to instantiate an object, the latter if you want to apply
custom settings to the object before using it.

  # As a class method
  my $censored_data = Data::Censor->clone_and_censor($data);

  # or as an object method
  my $censor = Data::Censor->new( replacement => "SECRET!" );
  my $censored_data = $censor->clone_and_censor($data);

=cut

sub clone_and_censor {
    my $class = shift;
    my $data  = shift;

    eval { require Clone; 1 }
      or die "Can't clone data without Clone installed";

    my $cloned_data = Clone::clone($data);

   # if $class is a Data::Censor object, then we were called as an object method
   # rather than a class method - that's fine - otherwise, create a new
   # instance and use it:
    my $self = ref $class && $class->isa('Data::Censor')
      ? $class
      : $class->new;

    $self->censor($cloned_data);
    return $cloned_data;
}


=head1 AUTHOR

David Precious (BIGPRESH), C<< <davidp at preshweb.co.uk> >>

This code was originally written for the L<Dancer> project by myself; I've
pulled it out into a seperate distribution as I was using it for code at work.



=head1 SUPPORT

You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.

    perldoc Data::Censor


=head1 LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2018 David Precious.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the the Artistic License (2.0). You may obtain a
copy of the full license at:

L<http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_2_0>

Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified
Versions is governed by this Artistic License. By using, modifying or
distributing the Package, you accept this license. Do not use, modify,
or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.

If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version made
by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure that
your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this license.

This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark, service
mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.

This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge
patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and
otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims
licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the
Package. If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or
counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes
direct or contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License
to you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.

Disclaimer of Warranty: THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES.
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
YOUR LOCAL LAW. UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THE PACKAGE,
EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


=cut

1;    # End of Data::Censor
