AUTOINST(1)

NAME
autoinst - wrapper around the LCDF TypeTools, for installing and using OpenType fonts in LaTeX.

SYNOPSIS
autoinst -help

autoinst [options] font(s)

DESCRIPTION
Eddie Kohler's LCDF TypeTools are superb tools for installing OpenType fonts in LaTeX, but they can be hard to use: they need many, often long, command lines and don't generate the fd and sty files LaTeX needs. autoinst simplifies the use of the TypeTools for font installation by generating and executing all commands for otftotfm, and by creating and installing all necessary fd and sty files.

Given a family of font files (in otf or ttf format), autoinst will create several LaTeX font families:

    -   Four text families (with lining and oldstyle digits, each in both tabular and proportional variants), all with the following shapes:

            n   Roman (i.e., upright) text

            it, sl
                Italic and slanted (sometimes called oblique) text

            sc  Small caps

            scit, scsl
                Italic and slanted small caps

            sw  Swash

            nw  "Upright swash"

    -   For each T1-encoded text family: a family of TS1-encoded symbol fonts, in roman, italic and slanted shapes.

    -   Families with superiors, inferiors, numerators and denominators, in roman, italic and slanted shapes.

    -   Families with "Titling" characters; these "... replace the default glyphs with corresponding forms designed specifically for titling. These may be all-capital and/or larger on the body, and adjusted for viewing at larger sizes" (according to the OpenType Specification).

    -   An ornament family; also in roman, italic and slanted shapes.

Of course, if your fonts don't contain italics, oldstyle digits, small caps etc., the corresponding shapes and families are not created. In addition, the creation of most families and shapes can be controlled by the user (see "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS" below).

These families use the FontPro project's naming scheme: <FontFamily>-<Suffix>, where <Suffix> is:

LF  proportional (i.e., figures have varying widths) lining figures

TLF tabular (i.e., all figures have the same width) lining figures

OsF proportional oldstyle figures

TOsF
    tabular oldstyle figures

Sup superior characters (note that most fonts have only an incomplete set of superior characters: digits, some punctuation and the letters abdeilmnorst; normal forms are used for other characters)

Inf inferior characters; usually only digits and some punctuation, normal forms for other characters

Titl
    Titling characters; see above

Orn ornaments

Numr, Dnom
    numerators and denominators

The individual fonts are named <FontName>-<suffix>-<shape>-<enc>, where <suffix> is the same as above (but in lowercase), <shape> is either empty, "sc" or "swash", and <enc> is the encoding (also in lowercase). A typical name in this scheme would be FiraSans-Light-osf-sc-ly1.

  Using the fonts in your LaTeX documents
autoinst generates a style file for using the fonts in LaTeX documents, named <FontFamily>.sty. This style file also loads the fontenc and textcomp packages, if necessary. To use the fonts, add the command "\usepackage{<FontFamily>}" to the preamble of your document.

This style file has a few options:

"mainfont"
    Redefine "\familydefault" to make this font the main font for the document. This is a no-op if the font is installed as a serif font; but if the font is installed as a sanserif or typewriter font, this option saves you from having to redefine "\familydefault" yourself.

"lining", "oldstyle", "tabular", "proportional"
    Choose which figure style to use. The defaults are "oldstyle" and "proportional" (if available).

"scale=<factor>", "scale=MatchLowercase"
    Scale the font by <factor>; as an example, "\usepackage[scale=1.05]{<FontFamily>}" will increase the font's size by 5%. The special value "MatchLowercase" may be used to scale the font so that its x-height matches that of the current main font (which is usually Computer Modern Roman, unless you have loaded another font package before this one). The word "scale" may also be spelled as "scaled".

"medium", "book", "text", "normal", "regular"
    Select the weight that LaTeX will use as the "regular" weight.

"heavy", "black", "extrabold", "demibold", "semibold", "bold"
    Select the weight that LaTeX will use as the "bold" weight.

The default here is not to change LaTeX's default, i.e. use the "m" and "b" weights.

The style file will also try to load the figureversions package (on CTAN), which gives easy access to various font shapes and styles. Using the machinery set up by figureversions, the generated style file defines a number of commands (which take the text to be typeset as argument) and declarations (which don't take arguments, but affect all text up to the end of the current group) to access titling, superior and inferior characters:

    DECLARATION     COMMAND         SHORT FORM OF COMMAND

    \tlshape        \texttitling    \texttl
    \supfigures     \textsuperior   \textsup, \textsu
    \inffigures     \textinferior   \textinf, \textin

Finally, the style file redefines Latex's "\textsuperscript" and "\textsubscript" commands to use the fonts' superior and inferior figures, and modifies Latex's footnote mechanism to use "\textsuperscript" instead of reduced-size numerals from the regular text font. The old versions of these commands are still available as "\textsuperscript*" and "\textsubscript*".

There are no commands for accessing the numerator and denominator fonts; these can be selected using figureversions' standard commands, e.g., "\fontfigurestyle{numerator}\selectfont".

Once again: all these commands are only generated for existing shapes and number styles; no commands are generated for shapes and styles that are missing from your fonts. Note that all these commands are built on top of figureversions; if that package cannot be found, you're limited to using lower-level commands from standard NFSS ("\fontfamily", "\fontseries", "\fontshape" etc.).

By default, autoinst generates text fonts with OT1, LY1 and T1 encodings, and the generated style files use T1 as the default text encoding. Other encodings can be chosen using the -encoding option (see "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS" below).

  Maths
This is an experimental feature; USE AT YOUR OWN RISK! Test the results thoroughly before using them in real documents, and be warned that future versions of autoinst may introduce incompatible changes.

The -math option tells autoinst to generate basic math fonts. When enabled, the generated style file defines a few extra options to access these math fonts:

"math"
    Use these fonts for the maths in your document.

"mathlining", "matholdstyle", "mathtabular", "mathproportional"
    Choose which figure style and alignment to use in maths. The defaults are "mathlining" and "mathtabular".

"mathcal"
    Use the swash characters from these fonts as the "\mathcal" alphabet. (This option will only exist if your fonts actually contain both swash characters and a "swsh" feature to access them).

"nomathgreek"
    Don't redeclare greek letters in math.

"math-style=<style>"
    Choose the "math style" to use. With "math-style=ISO", all latin and greek letters in math are italic; with "math-style=TeX" (the default), uppercase greek is upright; with "math-style=french", all greek as well as uppercase latin is upright; and with "math-style=upright" all letters are upright.

"scriptscale=<scale>"
    By default, Latex loads fonts for the "script" and "scriptscript" styles at 70% and 50% of the text font size. For many text fonts, this is too small and hurts readability. This option scales the "script" style by a factor of scale and the "scriptscript" style by the square of that. The default value is 1.1, which loads the "script" and "scriptscript" styles at a more readable 77% and 60.5%, respectively. To use Latex's defaults, use "scriptscale=1.0".

The style file also defines commands "\up..." and "\it..." to access upright and italic greek characters regardless of the chosen math style: "\upGamma", "\upalpha", "\itDelta", "\itbeta" etc.

Note that this "math" option only affects digits, latin and greek letters, plus a few basic punctuation characters; all other mathematical symbols, operators, delimiters etc. are left as they were before. If you don't want to use TeX's default versions of those symbols, load another math package (such as mathdesign or newtxmath) before loading the autoinst-generated style file.

Finally, note that autoinst doesn't check if your fonts actually contains all of the required characters; it just assumes that they do and sets up the style file accordingly. Even if your fonts do contain greek, characters such as "\varepsilon" may be missing. You may also find that some glyphs are present in your fonts, but don't work well in equations or don't match other symbols; edit the generated style file to remove the declarations of these offending characters. Once again: test the results before using them! If the characters themselves are fine but spaced too tightly, you may try increasing the side bearings in math fonts with the -mathspacing option (see below), e.g. "-mathspacing=50".

  NFSS codes
LaTeX's New Font Selection System (NFSS) identifies fonts by a combination of family, series (the concatenation of weight and width), shape and size. autoinst parses the font's metadata to determine these parameters. When this fails (usually because the font family contains uncommon weights, widths or shapes), autoinst ends up with multiple fonts having the same values for these font parameters; such fonts cannot be used in NFSS, since there's no way distinguish them. When autoinst detects such a situation, it will print an error message and abort. If that happens, either rerun autoinst on a smaller set of fonts, or add the missing widths, weights and shapes to the tables @WIDTH, @WEIGHT and %SHAPE in the source code. Please also send a bug report (see AUTHOR below).

The mapping of shapes to NFSS codes is done using the following table:

    SHAPE                               CODE
    --------------------------------    ----
    Roman, Upright                      n
    Italic                              it
    Oblique, Slant(ed), Incline(d)      sl

(Exception: Adobe Silentium Pro contains two Roman shapes; we map the first of these to "n", for the second one we (ab)use the "it" code as this family doesn't contain an Italic shape.)

For weights and widths, autoinst tries to the standard NFSS codes (ul, el, l, sl, m, sb, b, eb and ub for weights; uc, ec, c, sc, m, sx, x, ex and ux for widths) as much as possible. Of course, not all 81 combinations of these NFSS weights and widths will map to existing fonts; and conversely it may not be possible to assign every existing font a unique code in a sane way (especially for the weights, some font families offer more variants than NFSS's codes can handle; e.g., Fira Sans contains fifteen different weights!). Therefore every font is also assigned a "series" name that is the concatenation of its weight and width, after expanding any abbreviations and converting to lowercase. A font of "Cond" width and "Ultra" weight will then be known as "ultrablackcondensed".

The exact mapping between fonts and NFSS codes can be found in the generated fd files and in the log file (you may want to run autoinst with the -dryrun option to check the chosen mapping beforehand). The -nfssweight and -nfsswidth command-line options can be used to finetune the mapping between NFSS codes and fonts.

To access specific weights or widths, one can always use the "\fontseries" command with the full series name (i.e., "\fontseries{demibold}\selectfont").

  Ornaments
autoinst provides a best-effort interface to access ornament characters. The OpenType specification offers two ways for fonts to implement ornaments: one way is to map them to the lowercase ASCII letters, the other is to define them as alternates for the "bullet" character. Ornaments of the first type can be used from Latex without problem, but ornaments implemented in the second way cannot easily be used from Latex (at least not generically; it may be done by creating font-specific encoding files).

Unfortunately, there is no way to tell which of these alternatives a font uses; autoinst just assumes that the font maps ornaments to lowercase ASCII and creates an OT1-encoded font that hopefully contains the ornaments, plus a "\textornament" command to access them. That command takes one argument: the slot number of the ornament. E.g., to access the ornament at the position of "a" (hexadecimal 0x61), use "\textornament{"61}".

To see which ornaments a font contains (and at which positions), run LaTeX on the file nfssfont.tex (which is included in any standard LaTeX installation), supply the name of the ornament font (i.e., "Garamontio-Regular-orn-u") and give the command "\table\bye"; this will create a table of all glyphs in that font. If this table shows no ornaments, your font unfortunately handles ornaments in a non-Latex-compatible (or at least non-autoinst-compatible) way.

As a final caveat, note that even when your font does handle ornaments in a Latex-compatible way, it may very well map them to other characters (such as digits or punctuation) instead of lowercase ASCII.

WARNINGS AND CAVEATS

  OpenType fonts and licensing issues
Since pdfTeX cannot subset otf-flavoured OpenType fonts, otftotfm will convert such fonts to Type1 (pfb) format. However, many fonts (at least those licensed under the SIL Open Font License) do not allow redistributing such converted versions under their original name.

In order to try to meet such licensing requirements, autoinst provides a -t1suffix command-line option that appends a suffix to the names (both the filename and the internal font name) of all generated Type1 fonts; see "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS" below.

Please note that I am not a lawyer and do not guarantee that this suffix is sufficient to meet the license's requirements. When in doubt, consult a real lawyer!

  Sorry, LIGTABLE too long for me to handle
The LIGTABLE in TeX's tfm files, which contains a font's ligatures and kerning pairs, is limited to about 32,500 entries (2^15 - 256). If the number of ligatures plus kerns in a font is higher than that limit, pltotf and vptovf will complain loudly and ignore the excess entries. This happens at least with Adobe's Source Serif 4 and Minion 3 font families. Even when pltotf and vptovf don't warn about the LIGTABLE's size, you may still find that pdftex crashes with a "Bad metric (TFM) file" error. The best way to handle this situation is to use autoinst's "-extra" option to raise otftotfm's value for the "--min-kern" parameter, which causes it to ignore small kerning pairs: "-extra='--min-kern=6.0'". Finding a working value for the "--min-kern" parameter may require some trial and error.

  A note for MiKTeX users
Automatically installing the fonts into a suitable TEXMF tree (as autoinst tries to do by default) only works for TeX-installations that use the kpathsea library; with TeX distributions that implement their own directory searching, such as MiKTeX, autoinst will complain that it cannot find the kpsewhich program and move all generated files into a subdirectory "autoinst_output/" of the current directory. If you use such a TeX distribution, you should either move these files to their correct destinations by hand, or use the -target option (see "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS" below) to manually specify a TEXMF tree.

Also, some OpenType fonts contain so many kerning pairs that the resulting pl and vpl files are too big for MiKTeX's pltotf and vptovf; the versions that come with W32TeX (http://www.w32tex.org) and TeXLive (http://tug.org/texlive) don't seem to have this problem.

  A note for MacTeX users
By default, autoinst will try to install all generated files into the $TEXMFLOCAL tree; when this directory isn't user-writable, it will use the $TEXMFHOME tree instead. Unfortunately, MacTeX's version of "updmap-sys" doesn't search in $TEXMFHOME, and hence MacTeX will not find the new fonts.

To remedy this, either run autoinst as root (so that it can install everything into $TEXMFLOCAL) or manually run "updmap -user" to tell TeX about the files in $TEXMFHOME. This latter option does, however, come with some caveats; see https://tug.org/texlive/scripts-sys-user.html.

COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
autoinst tries hard to do The Right Thing (TM) by default, so you usually won't need these options; but most aspects of its operation can be fine-tuned if you want to.

You may use either one or two dashes before options, and option names may be shortened to a unique prefix (e.g., -encoding may be abbreviated to -enc or even -en, but -e is ambiguous (it may mean either -encoding or -extra)).

  General options

-help
    Print a (relatively) short help text and exit.

-dryrun
    Don't generate output; just parse input fonts and write the results to the log file.

-verbose
    Add more details to the log file.

-version
    Print autoinst's version number and exit.

  Font creation options

-encoding=encoding[,encoding]
    Generate the specified encoding(s) for the text fonts. Multiple encodings may be specified as a comma-separated list (without spaces!); the default choice of encodings is "OT1,LY1,T1".

    For each encoding argument, autoinst will first check if it is the filename of an encoding file, and if found it will use that; otherwise the argument is assumed to be the name of one of the built-in encodings. If the argument is a filename, autoinst will define the font with an NFSS encoding equal to the filename (minus a ".enc" extension), except when the filename starts with "U_"; in that case the NFSS encoding will be "U" and the part after "U_" will be used as the "enc" part of the name of the generated font.

    Currently autoinst comes with built-in support for the OT1, T1/TS1, LY1, T2A/B/C, T3/TS3, T4, T5, LGR, CS, L7X and QX encodings. (The corresponding files are called fontools_ot1.enc etc., to avoid name clashes with other packages; the fontools_ prefix may be omitted.)

-ts1/-nots1
    Control the creation of TS1-encoded fonts. The default is -ts1 if the text encodings (see -encoding above) include T1, -nots1 otherwise.

-lining/-nolining
    Control the creation of fonts with lining figures. The default is -lining.

-oldstyle/-nooldstyle
    Control the creation of fonts with oldstyle figures. The default is -oldstyle.

-proportional/-noproportional
    Control the creation of fonts with proportional figures. The default is -proportional.

-tabular/-notabular
    Control the creation of fonts with tabular figures. The default is -tabular.

-smallcaps/-nosmallcaps
    Control the creation of small caps fonts. The default is -smallcaps.

-swash/-noswash
    Control the creation of swash fonts. The default is -swash.

-titling/-notitling
    Control the creation of titling families. The default is -titling.

-superiors/-nosuperiors
    Control the creation of fonts with superior characters. The default is -superiors.

-inferiors [ = none | auto | subs | sinf | dnom ]
-noinferiors
    The OpenType standard defines several kinds of digits that might be used as inferiors or subscripts: "Subscripts" (OpenType feature "subs"), "Scientific Inferiors" ("sinf"), and "Denominators" ("dnom"). This option allows the user to determine which of these styles autoinst should use for the inferior characters. Alternatively, the value "auto" tells autoinst to use the first value in "sinf", "subs" or "dnom" that is supported by the font. Saying just -inferiors is equivalent to -inferiors=auto; otherwise the default is -noinferiors.

    If you specify a style of inferiors that isn't present in the font, autoinst will fall back to its default behaviour of not creating fonts with inferiors at all; it won't try to substitute one of the other styles.

-fractions/-nofractions
    Control the creation of fonts with numerators and denominators. The default is -nofractions.

-ligatures/-noligatures
    Some fonts contain glyphs for the standard f-ligatures (ff, fi, fl, ffi, ffl), but don't provide a "liga" feature to access these. This option tells autoinst to add extra "LIGKERN" rules to the generated fonts to enable the use of these ligatures. The default is -ligatures, except for typewriter fonts.

    Specify -noligatures to disable generation of ligatures even for fonts that do contain a "liga" feature.

-ornaments/-noornaments
    Control the creation of ornament fonts. The default is -ornaments.

-serif/-sanserif/-typewriter
    Install the font as a serif, sanserif or typewriter font, respectively. This changes how you access the font in LaTeX: with "\rmfamily"/"\textrm", "\sffamily"/"\textsf" or "\ttfamily"/"\texttt".

    Installing the font as a typewriter font will cause two further changes: it will - by default - turn off the use of f-ligatures (though this can be overridden with the -ligatures option), and it will disable hyphenation for this font. This latter effect cannot be re-enabled in autoinst; if you want typewriter text to be hyphenated, use the hyphenat package.

    If none of these options is specified, autoinst tries to guess: if the font's filename contains the string "mono" or if the field "isFixedPitch" in the font's "post" table is True, it will select -typewriter; else if the filename contains "sans" it will select -sanserif; otherwise it will opt for -serif.

-math
    Tells autoinst to create basic math fonts (see above).

-mathspacing=amount
    Letterspace each character in the math fonts by amount units, where 1000 units equal one em. In my opinion, many text fonts benefit from letterspacing by 50 to 100 units when used in maths; some fonts need even more. Use your own judgement!

  Output options

-t1suffix [ = SUFFIX ]
    Tell autoinst to modify the font names of all generated Type1-fonts, by adding SUFFIX to the family name. If you use this option without specifying a SUFFIX value, autoinst will use the value "PS". The default behaviour when this option is not given is to not modify font names at all.

    See also "OpenType fonts and licensing issues" in "WARNINGS AND CAVEATS" above.

-target=DIRECTORY
    Install all generated files into the TEXMF tree at DIRECTORY.

    By default, autoinst searches the $TEXMFLOCAL and $TEXMFHOME trees and installs all files into the first user-writable TEXMF tree it finds. If autoinst cannot find such a user-writable directory (which shouldn't happen, since $TEXMFHOME is supposed to be user-writable) it will print a warning message and put all files into the subdirectory "autoinst_output/" of the current directory. It's then up to the user to move the generated files to a better location and update all relevant databases (usually by calling texhash and updmap).

-vendor=VENDOR
-typeface=TYPEFACE
    These options are equivalent to otftotfm's --vendor and --typeface options: they change the "vendor" and "typeface" parts of the names of the subdirectories in the TEXMF tree where generated files will be stored. The default values are "lcdftools" and the font's FontFamily name. These options change only directory names, not the names of any generated files.

-logfile=filename
    Write log data to filename instead of the default <fontfamily>.log. If the file already exists, autoinst appends to it; it doesn't overwrite an existing file.

  Specialist options

-defaultlining/-defaultoldstyle
-defaulttabular/-defaultproportional
    Tell autoinst which figure style is the current font family's default (i.e., which figures you get when you don't specify any OpenType features).

    Don't use these options unless you are certain you need them! They are only needed for fonts that don't provide OpenType features for their default figure style; and even in that case, autoinst's default values (-defaultlining and -defaulttabular) are usually correct.

-nfssweight=code=weight
-nfsswidth=code=width
    Map the NFSS code code to the given weight or width, overriding the built-in tables. Each of these options may be given multiple times, to override more than one NFSS code. Example: to map the "ul" code to the "Thin" weight, use "-nfssweight=ul=thin". To inhibit the use of the "ul" code completely, use "-nfssweight=ul=".

-extra=extra options
    Pass extra options to the commands for otftotfm. To prevent extra options from accidentily being interpreted as options to autoinst, they should be properly quoted.

-manual
    Manual mode; for users who want to post-process the generated files and commands. By default, autoinst immediately executes all otftotfm commands it generates; in manual mode, these are instead written to a file autoinst.bat. Furthermore it tells otftotfm to generate human readable (and editable) pl/vpl files instead of the default tfm/vf ones, and to place all generated files in a subdirectory "./autoinst_output/" of the current directory, rather than install them into your TeX installation.

    When using this option, you need to execute the following manual steps after autoinst has finished:

    - run pltotf and vptovf on the generated pl and vf files, to convert them to tfm/vf format;
    - move all generated files to a proper TEXMF tree, and, if necessary, update the filename database;
    - tell TeX about the new map file (usually by running "updmap" or similar).

    Note that some options (-target, -vendor and -typeface) are meaningless, and hence ignored, in manual mode.

    Also note that font name modification doesn't happen in manual mode.

-nofigurekern
    Some fonts provide kerning pairs for tabular figures. This is very probably not what you want (e.g., numbers in tables won't line up exactly). This option adds extra --ligkern options to the commands for otftotfm to suppress such kerns. Note that this option leads to very long commands (it adds one hundred --ligkern options), which may cause problems on some systems; hence it is not active by default.

SEE ALSO
Eddie Kohler's TypeTools and T1Utils (http://www.lcdf.org/type).

Perl can be obtained from http://www.perl.org; it is included in most Linux distributions. For Windows, try ActivePerl (http://www.activestate.com) or Strawberry Perl (http://strawberryperl.com).

LuaTeX (http://www.luatex.org) and XeTeX (http://www.tug.org/xetex) are Unicode-aware TeX engines that can use OpenType fonts directly, without any (La)TeX-specific support files.

The FontPro project (https://github.com/sebschub/FontPro) offers very complete LaTeX support (even for typesetting maths) for Adobe's Minion Pro, Myriad Pro and Cronos Pro font families.

AUTHOR
Marc Penninga (marcpenninga@gmail.com)

When sending a bug report, please give as much relevant information as possible; this usually includes (but may not be limited to) the log file (please add the -verbose command-line option, for extra info). If you see any error messages, please include these verbatim; don't paraphase.

COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2005-2026 Marc Penninga.

LICENSE
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. A copy of the text of the GNU General Public License is included in the fontools distribution; see the file GPLv2.txt.

DISCLAIMER
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

VERSION
This document describes autoinst version 20260210.

RECENT CHANGES
(See the source for the full story, all the way back to 2005.)

2026-02-10
    Generated style files now use the figureversions package to access superior and inferior figures and fractions, instead of the (deprecated) fontaxes package. Added the scriptscale option to the generated style file. When creating math fonts, we use the font's "mgrk" feature, if present. Fixed a few obscure bugs.

2025-09-09
    Use the font's WeightClass if its weight cannot be determined from other metadata (suggested by Christoph L. Spiel).

2025-08-25
    Fixed a bug in the processing of the "-nfssweight" and "-nfsswidth" options.

2025-08-19
    Fixed a bug where any fonts with the word "Typewriter" in their name would be parsed as "Italic".

2025-07-02
    The hack in font metadata parsing for Source Serif 4 (See 2025-01-07) is also needed for other fonts; at least for Arno Pro, maybe some other Adobe fonts as well. So we changed the test again: we apply this hack by default, except for Libertinus.

2025-06-23
    Introduced the "U_" rule for encoding file names.

2025-04-16
    Don't load the mweights package, as its functionality is now part of the LaTeX kernel (and, in fact, has been for a while ...).

2025-01-07
    The 'fix' in font metadata parsing that we introduced for Source Serif 4 was biting Libertinus Serif Display (and maybe other fonts as well), so we now test if the family is actually Source Serif 4 before applying that fix.