Image::ExifTool

# The Image::ExifTool Perl Library Module

## Description

The Image::ExifTool library provides an extensible set of Perl modules to read and write meta information in a wide variety of image, audio, video and document files.

## Methods

All ExifTool features are accessed through the methods of the public interface listed below. Other Image::ExifTool methods and modules should not be accessed directly because their interface may change with future versions.

The ExifTool methods should never die or issue a warning to STDERR if called with the proper arguments (with the exception of SetNewValue which returns an error string when called in list context, or sends the error to STDERR otherwise). Error and warning messages that occur during processing are stored in the values of the Error and Warning tags, and are accessible via GetValue.

ImageInfo new Options ClearOptions ExtractInfo GetInfo WriteInfo CombineInfo GetTagList GetFoundTags GetRequestedTags GetValue | SetNewValue SetNewValuesFromFile GetNewValues CountNewValues SaveNewValues RestoreNewValues SetFileModifyDate SetFileName SetNewGroups GetNewGroups GetTagID GetDescription | GetGroup GetGroups BuildCompositeTags GetTagName GetShortcuts GetAllTags GetWritableTags GetAllGroups GetDeleteGroups GetFileType CanWrite CanCreate

## Using ExifTool

The ExifTool module may be used by simply calling the ImageInfo function:

>     use Image::ExifTool qw(:Public);
>     my $info = ImageInfo('image.jpg');

or in a more object-oriented fashion, by creating an ExifTool object:

>     use Image::ExifTool;
>     my $exifTool = new Image::ExifTool;
>     my $info = $exifTool->ImageInfo('image.jpg');

The object-oriented method allows more flexibility, but is slightly more complicated. You choose the method that you prefer.

The $info value returned by ImageInfo in the above examples is a reference to a hash containing the tag/value pairs. Here is a simplified example which prints out this information:

>     foreach (keys %$info) {
>         print "$_ => $$info{$_}\n";
>     }

See ImageInfo for a more detailed description of the info hash entries.

And the technique for writing meta information is equally simple:

>     use Image::ExifTool;
>     my $exifTool = new Image::ExifTool;
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Author => 'Phil Harvey');
>     $exifTool->WriteInfo('image.jpg','modified_image.jpg');

## Configuration

User-defined tags can be added via the ExifTool configuration file, or by defining the %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined hash before calling any ExifTool functions. See "ExifTool_config" in the ExifTool distribution for more details.

By default ExifTool looks for a configuration file named ".ExifTool_config" first in your home directory, then in the directory of the application script, but a different file may be specified by setting the ExifTool "`configFile`" variable before using Image::ExifTool. For example:

>     BEGIN { $Image::ExifTool::configFile = '/Users/phil/myconfig.cfg' }
>     use Image::ExifTool;

or the configuration feature may be disabled by setting "`configFile`" to an empty string:

>     BEGIN { $Image::ExifTool::configFile = '' }
>     use Image::ExifTool;

## ImageInfo

Read image file and return meta information. This is the one-step function for retrieving meta information from an image. Internally, ImageInfo calls ExtractInfo to extract data from the image, and GetInfo and GetTagList to generate the returned information hash and tag list.

> Prototype | ImageInfo($;@)
> Inputs | 0) [optional] ExifTool object reference 1) File name, file reference or scalar reference 2-N) [optional] list of tag names to find (or tag list reference or options reference, see below)
> Returns | Reference to hash of tag key/value pairs

Examples:

> Non object-oriented example showing use of options and returning tag list:

>     use Image::ExifTool qw(ImageInfo);
>     my @ioTagList;
>     my $info;

>     $info = ImageInfo('image.jpg', \@ioTagList, {Sort => 'Group0'});

> Object-oriented example to read from a file that is already open:

>     my $exifTool = new Image::ExifTool;

>     $info = $exifTool->ImageInfo(\*FILE_PT, 'Aperture', 'ShutterSpeed', 'ISO');

> Extract information from an image in memory:

>     $info = $exifTool->ImageInfo(\$imageData);

> Extract information from an embedded thumbnail image:

>     $info = ImageInfo('image.jpg', 'thumbnailimage');
>     my $thumbInfo = ImageInfo($$info{ThumbnailImage});

> Using an ExifTool object to set the options before calling ImageInfo:

>     my $filename = shift || die "Please specify filename\n";
>     my @ioTagList = qw(filename imagesize xmp:creator exif:* -ifd1:*);

>     $exifTool->Options(Unknown => 1, DateFormat => '%H:%M:%S %a. %b. %e, %Y');
>     $info = $exifTool->ImageInfo($filename, \@ioTagList);

Function Arguments:

ImageInfo is very flexible about the arguments passed to it, and interprets them based on their type. It may be called with one or more arguments. The one required argument is either a SCALAR (the image file name), a file reference (a reference to the image file) or a SCALAR reference (a reference to the image in memory). Other arguments are optional. The order of the arguments is not significant, except that the first SCALAR is taken to be the file name unless a file reference or scalar reference comes earlier in the argument list.

Below is a more detailed explanation of how the ImageInfo function arguments are interpreted.

> ExifTool ref | ImageInfo may be called with an ExifTool object if desired. The advantage of using the object-oriented form of this function is that after ImageInfo returns, you may use the object-oriented functions below to obtain additional information if required. Must be the first argument if used.
> SCALAR | The first scalar argument is taken to be the file name unless an earlier argument specified the image data via a file reference (file ref) or data reference (SCALAR ref). The remaining scalar arguments are names of tags for requested information. All tags are returned if no tags are specified. Tag names are case-insensitive and may be prefixed by optional group names separated by colons. A group name may begin with a family number (ie. '`1IPTC:Keywords`'), to restrict matches to a specific family. In the tag name, a '`?`' matches any single character and a '`*`' matches zero or more characters. Thus '`GROUP:*`' represents all tags in a specific group. Wildcards may not be used in group names, with the exception that a group name of '`*`' may be used to extract all available instances of a tag regardless of the Duplicates setting (ie. '`*:WhiteBalance`'). Multiple groups may be specified (ie. '`EXIF:Time:*`' extracts all EXIF Time tags). And finally, a leading '`-`' indicates a tag to be excluded (ie. '`-IFD1:*`'), or a trailing '`#`' causes the ValueConv value to be returned for this tag. Note that keys in the returned information hash and elements of the returned tag list are not necessarily the same as these tag names because group names are removed, the case may be changed, and an instance number may be added. For this reason it is best to use either the keys of the returned hash or the elements of the tag array when accessing the tag values. See the TagNames documentation for a complete list of ExifTool tag names.
> File ref | A reference to an open image file. If you use this method (or a SCALAR reference) to access information in an image, the FileName and Directory tags will not be returned. (Also, the FileSize, FileModifyDate and FilePermissions tags will not be returned unless it is a plain file.) Image processing begins at the current file position, and on return the file position is unspecified. May be either a standard filehandle or a reference to a File::RandomAccess object. [Advanced: To allow a non-rewindable stream (ie. a network socket) to be re-read after processing with ExifTool, first wrap the file reference in a File::RandomAccess object, then pass this object to ImageInfo. The File::RandomAccess object will buffer the file if necessary, and may be used to re-read the file after ImageInfo returns.]
> SCALAR ref | A reference to image data in memory.
> ARRAY ref | Reference to a list of tag names. On entry, any elements in the list are added to the list of requested tags. On return, this list is updated to contain an ordered list of tag keys for all extracted tags.
> HASH ref | Reference to a hash containing the options settings. See Options documentation below for a list of available options. Options specified as arguments to ImageInfo take precedence over Options settings.

Return Value:

ImageInfo returns a reference to a hash of tag key/value pairs. The tag keys are identifiers, which are similar to the tag names but may have an embedded instance number if multiple tags with the same name were extracted from the image. Many of the ExifTool functions require a tag key as an argument. Use GetTagName to get the tag name for a given tag key. Note that the case of the tag names may not be the same as requested.

Values of the returned hash are usually simple scalars, but a scalar reference is used to indicate binary data and an array reference may be used to indicate a list. Lists of values are joined by commas into a single string only if the PrintConv option is enabled and the List option is disabled (which are the defaults). Note that binary values are not necessarily extracted unless specifically requested or the Binary option is set. If not extracted the value is a reference to a string of the form "`Binary data ##### bytes`". The value may also be a hash reference if the Struct option is enabled.

Here is a simple example to print out the information returned by ImageInfo:

>     foreach (keys %$info) {
>         my $val = $$info{$_};
>         if (ref $val eq 'ARRAY') {
>             $val = join(', ', @$val);
>         } elsif (ref $val eq 'SCALAR') {
>             $val = '(Binary data)';
>         }
>         printf("%-24s : %s\n", $_, $val);
>     }

which gives output like this (PrintConv enabled):

>     WhiteBalance             : Auto
>     FNumber                  : 3.5
>     InteroperabilityOffset   : 936
>     XResolution              : 72
>     ISO                      : 100
>     ThumbnailImage           : (Binary data)
>     FlashOn                  : On
>     Make                     : FUJIFILM
>     ShutterSpeedValue        : 1/64
>     ExposureCompensation     : 0
>     Sharpness                : Soft
>     ResolutionUnit           : inches

Notes:

ExifTool returns all values as byte strings of encoded characters. Perl wide characters are not used. See FAQ number 10 for details about the encodings.

As well as tags representing information extracted from the image, the following tags generated by ExifTool may be returned:

> ExifToolVersion | The ExifTool version number
> Error | An error message if the image could not be processed
> Warning | A warning message if problems were encountered while processing the image

## new

Create a new ExifTool object.

Example:

>     my $exifTool = new Image::ExifTool;

Note that ExifTool uses AUTOLOAD to load non-member methods, so any class using Image::ExifTool as a base class must define an AUTOLOAD which calls Image::ExifTool::DoAutoLoad(). ie)

>     sub AUTOLOAD
>     {
>         Image::ExifTool::DoAutoLoad($AUTOLOAD, @_);
>     }

The following functions require an ExifTool object as the first argument

## Options

Get/set ExifTool options. This function can be called to set the default options for an ExifTool object. Options set this way are in effect for all function calls but may be overridden by options passed as arguments to some functions.

The initial default options are obtained from values in the %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::Options hash if it exists. See the .ExifTool_config file in the full ExifTool distribution for details.

> Prototype | Options($$;@)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) Parameter name (see table below) 2) [optional] Option value if specified (may be undef to clear option) 3-N) [optional] Additional parameter/value pairs
> Returns | Previous value of last specified parameter

Available options:

> ExifTool Options
> Option | Description | Values | Default
> --- | --- | --- | ---
> Binary | Flag to extract the value data for all binary tags. Tag values representing large binary data blocks (ie. ThumbnailImage) are not necessarily extracted unless this option is set or the tag is specifically requested by name. | 0 or 1 | 0
> ByteOrder | The byte order for newly created EXIF segments when writing. Note that if EXIF information already exists, the existing order is maintained. If ByteOrder is not defined, then the order of the maker notes is used (if they are being copied), otherwise big-endian ('MM') order is assumed. This can also be set via the ExifByteOrder tag, but the ByteOrder option takes precedence if both are set. | 'MM','II' or undef | undef
> Charset | Character set for encoding character strings passed to/from ExifTool containing code points above U+007F. Note that this option affects some types of information when reading/writing the file and other types when getting/setting tag values, so it must be defined for both types of access. Charset values listed to the right have aliases which are given in brackets. Case is not significant. |
> UTF8 | (cp65001, UTF-8)
> Latin | (cp1252, Latin1)
> Latin2 | (cp1250)
> Cyrillic | (cp1251, Russian)
> Greek | (cp1253)
> Turkish | (cp1254)
> Hebrew | (cp1255)
> Arabic | (cp1256)
> Baltic | (cp1257)
> Vietnam | (cp1258)
> Thai | (cp874)
> MacRoman | (cp10000, Mac, Roman)
> MacLatin2 | (cp10029)
> MacCyrillic | (cp10007)
> MacGreek | (cp10006)
> MacTurkish | (cp10081)
> MacRomanian | (cp10010)
> MacIceland | (cp10079)
> MacCroatian | (cp10082)
> | 'UTF8'
> CharsetID3 | Character encoding to assume for ID3v1 strings. By the specification ID3v1 strings should be encoded in ISO 8859-1 (essentially 'Latin'), but some applications may use local encoding instead. This option allows different encodings to be specified. | (see Charset option) | 'Latin'
> CharsetIPTC | Fallback IPTC character set to assume if IPTC information contains no CodedCharacterSet tag. | (see Charset option) | 'Latin'
> CharsetPhotoshop | Character encoding to assume for Photoshop IRB resource names. | (see Charset option) | 'Latin'
> Compact | Flag to write compact output. The XMP specification suggests that the data be padded with blanks to allow in-place editing. By setting this flag, 2kB is saved for files with XMP data. | 0 or 1 | 0
> Composite | Flag to calculate Composite tags | 0 or 1 | 1
> Compress | Flag to write new values in compressed format if possible. Has no effect unless Compress::Zlib is installed. | 0 or 1 | 0
> CoordFormat | Output format for GPS coordinates | A printf-style format string with specifiers for degrees, minutes and seconds in that order, however minutes and seconds may be omitted. The default for reading is equivalent to a format string of `q{%d deg %d' %.2f"}`, but to avoid a loss of precision the default for copying tags with SetNewValuesFromFile is `q{%d %d %.8f}`. | undef
> DateFormat | Output format for date/time values. If date can not be converted, value is left unchanged unless the StrictDate option is set. Timezones are ignored. | See strftime manpage for details. The default is similar to a format string of `"%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S"`. | undef
> Duplicates | Flag to return values from tags with duplicate names when extracting information | 0 or 1 | 1
> Escape | Escape special characters in extracted values for HTML or XML. Also unescapes HTML or XML character entities in input values passed to SetNewValue. | HTML, XML or undef | undef
> Exclude | Exclude specified tags | Tag name or reference to a list of tag names to exclude. Case is not significant. Tags may also be excluded by preceding their name with a '-' in the arguments to ImageInfo. | undef
> ExtractEmbedded | Flag to extract information from embedded documents in PostScript files and the AIPrivateData stream in PDF files, and embedded MPF images in JPEG and MPO files | 0 or 1 | 0
> FastScan | Flag to increase speed of extracting information from JPEG images. With this option set to 1, ExifTool will not scan to the end of a JPEG image to check for an AFCP, CanonVRD, FotoStation, PhotoMechanic, MIE or PreviewImage trailer. This also stops the parsing after the first comment in GIF images, and at the audio/video data with RIFF-format files (AVI, WAV, etc), so any trailing metadata (ie. XMP written by some utilities) may be missed. When combined with the ScanForXMP option, prevents scanning for XMP in recognized file types. With a value of 2, ExifTool will also avoid extracting any EXIF MakerNote information. | 0, 1 or 2 | 0
> FixBase | Fix maker notes base offset. Allows values to be extracted from maker notes which have been corrupted by editing with 3rd party software. | An integer specifying a value to be added to the maker notes base offset, or the empty string ('') for ExifTool to take its best guess at the correct base. | undef
> GeoMaxIntSecs | Maximum interpolation time in seconds for geotagging. Geotagging fails if the Geotime value lies between two fixes in the same track which are separated by a number of seconds greater than this. | A floating point number | 1800
> GeoMaxExtSecs | Maximum extrapolation time in seconds for geotagging. Geotagging fails if the Geotime value lies outside a GPS track by a number of seconds greater than this. | A floating point number | 1800
> GeoMaxHDOP | Maximum Horizontal (2D) Dilution Of Precision for geotagging. GPS fixes are ignored if the HDOP is greater than this. | A floating point number, or undef | undef
> GeoMaxPDOP | Maximum Position (3D) Dilution Of Precision for geotagging. GPS fixes are ignored if the PDOP is greater than this. | A floating point number, or undef | undef
> GeoMinSats | Minimum number of satellites for geotagging. GPS fixes are ignored if the number of acquired satellites is less than this. | A positive integer, or undef | undef
> Group# | Extract tags for specified groups | Group name or reference to list of group names. Group name may begin with '-' to exclude a group. Case IS significant. See GetGroup for a description of group families, and GetAllGroups for a list of available groups. | undef
> HtmlDump | Dump information in hex to a dynamic HTML web page. Option value sets a limit on the maximum block size. Output file is specified by the TextOut option. |
> 0 = | No HTML dump
> 1 = | 1 KB size limit
> 2 = | 16 KB size limit
> 3 = | Full dump
> | 0
> HtmlDumpBase | Specifies the base for HTML dump offsets. If not defined, the EXIF/TIFF base offset is used. |
> 0 = | Absolute offsets
> non‑zero = | Relative offsets
> undef = | EXIF/TIFF offsets
> | undef
> IgnoreMinorErrors | Flag to ignore minor errors. Causes minor errors to be downgraded to warnings, and minor warnings to be ignored. This option is provided mainly to allow writing of files when minor errors occur, but by ignoring some minor warnings the behaviour of ExifTool may be changed to allow some questionable operations to proceed (such as extracting thumbnail and preview images even if they don't have a recognizable header). Minor errors/warnings are denoted by '[minor]' at the start of the message. | 0 or 1 | 0
> Lang | Localized language for exiftool tag descriptions, etc. If the specified language isn't available, the option is not changed. May be set to undef to select the built-in default language. | Image::ExifTool::Lang module name (ie. 'fr'), or 'en' or undef for the default language. | 'en'
> LargeFileSupport | Flag to indicate that 64-bit file offsets are supported on this system | 0 or 1 | 0
> List | Flag to extract lists of PrintConv values into arrays instead of combining them into a string of values. | 0 or 1 | 0
> ListSep | Separator string used to join lists of PrintConv values when List option is not set. | Any string | ', '
> ListSplit | Regular expression used to split values of list-type tags into individual items when writing. (ie. use ',\\s*' to split a comma-separated list) | A regular expression pattern | undef
> MakerNotes | Option to extract MakerNotes and other writable subdirectories (such as PrintIM) as a data block. Normally when the MakerNotes are extracted they are rebuilt to include data outside the boundaries of the original maker note data block, but a value of 2 disables this feature. |
> 0 = | Don't extract writable subdirectories
> 1 = | Extract and rebuild makernotes into self-contained block
> 2 = | Extract without rebuilding makernotes
> | 0
> MissingTagValue | Value for missing tags in expressions evaluated by SetNewValuesFromFile. If not set, a minor error is issued for missing values, or the value is set to '' if IgnoreMinorErrors is set. | Any string, or undef | undef
> Password | Password for processing password-protected PDF documents. Ignored if a password is not required. Character encoding of the password is determined by the value of the Charset option at processing time. | Any string | undef
> PrintConv | Flag to enable print conversion. Also enables inverse print conversion for writing. | 0 or 1 | 1
> ScanForXMP | Flag for scan all files (even unrecognized formats) for XMP information unless XMP was already found in the file. When combined with the FastScan option, only unrecognized file types are scanned for XMP. | 0 or 1 | 0
> Sort | Specifies order to sort tags in the returned tag list |
> Input | Sort in same order as input tag arguments
> Alpha | Sort alphabetically
> File | Sort in order that tags were found in the file
> Group# | Sort by tag group, where # is zero or more family numbers separated by colons. If # is not specified, Group0 is assumed. See GetGroup for a description of group families.
> | 'Input'
> StrictDate | Flag to return undefined value for any date which can't be converted when the DateFormat option is used. | 0 or 1 | 0
> Struct | Flag to return XMP structures as hash references instead of flattening into individual tags. Currently, the Struct feature applies only when reading (so SetNewValue can not be called with a hash reference when writing). | 0 or 1 | 0
> TextOut | Output file for Verbose and HtmlDump options. | File reference | \*STDOUT
> Unknown | Control extraction of unknown tags |
> 0 = | Unknown tags not extracted
> 1 = | Unknown tags are extracted from EXIF (and other tagged-format) directories
> 2 = | Unknown tags also extracted from binary data blocks
> | 0
> Verbose | Print verbose messages to file specified by TextOut option. Click here for example outputs. |
> 0 = | No verbose messages
> 1 = | Print tag names and raw values
> 2 = | Add additional tag details
> 3 = | Add hex dump of tag data (with length limits)
> 4 = | Remove length limit on dump of tag values
> 5 = | Remove length limit on dump of JPEG segments
> | 0

Examples:

>     # exclude the 'OwnerName' tag from returned information
>     $exifTool->Options(Exclude => 'OwnerName');

>     # only get information in EXIF or MakerNotes groups
>     $exifTool->Options(Group0 => ['EXIF', 'MakerNotes']);

>     # ignore information from IFD1
>     $exifTool->Options(Group1 => '-IFD1');

>     # sort by groups in family 2, and extract unknown tags
>     $exifTool->Options(Sort => 'Group2', Unknown => 1);

>     # reset DateFormat option
>     $exifTool->Options(DateFormat => undef);

>     # do not extract duplicate tag names
>     $oldSetting = $exifTool->Options(Duplicates => 0);

>     # get current Verbose setting
>     $isVerbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');

## ClearOptions

Reset all options to their default values. Loads user-defined default option values from the %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::Options hash in the .ExifTool_config file if it exists.

> Prototype | ClearOptions()
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference

## ExtractInfo

Extract all meta information from an image.

> Prototype | ExtractInfo($;@)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1-N) Same as ImageInfo except that a list of tag keys is not returned if an ARRAY reference is given.
> Returns | 1 if this was a recognized file format, 0 otherwise

Example:

>     $success = $exifTool->ExtractInfo('image.jpg', \%options);

The following options are effective in the call to ExtractInfo:

> Binary, Charset, CharsetID3, CharsetIPTC, Composite, ExtractEmbedded, FastScan, FixBase, HtmlDump, HtmlDumpBase, IgnoreMinorErrors, Lang, LargeFileSupport, MakerNotes, ScanForXMP, Struct, TextOut, Unknown and Verbose.

## GetInfo

GetInfo is called to return meta information after it has been extracted from the image by a previous call to ExtractInfo or ImageInfo. This function may be called repeatedly after a single call to ExtractInfo or ImageInfo.

> Prototype | GetInfo($;@)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1-N) Same as ImageInfo except that an image can not be specified
> Returns | Reference to information hash, the same as with ImageInfo

Examples:

>     $info = $exifTool->GetInfo('ImageWidth', 'ImageHeight');

>     $info = $exifTool->GetInfo(\@ioTagList);

>     $info = $exifTool->GetInfo({Group2 => ['Author', 'Location']});

The following options are effective in the call to GetInfo:

> Charset, CoordFormat, DateFormat, Duplicates, Escape, Exclude, Group#, Lang, List, ListSep, StrictDate, PrintConv, Sort (if a tag list reference is given) and StrictDate.

## WriteInfo

Write meta information to a file. The specified source file is rewritten to the same-type destination file with new information as specified by previous calls to SetNewValue. The necessary segments and/or directories are created in the destination file as required to store the specified information. May be called repeatedly to write the same information to additional files without the need to call SetNewValue again.

> Prototype | WriteInfo($$;$$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) Source file name, file reference, scalar reference, or undef to create a file from scratch 2) [optional] Destination file name, file reference, scalar reference, or undef to overwrite the original file 3) [optional] Destination file type
> Returns | 1 if file was written OK, 2 if file was written but no changes made, 0 on file write error.

The source file name may be undefined to create a file from scratch (currently only XMP, MIE, ICC, VRD and EXIF files can be created in this way -- see CanCreate for details). If undefined, the destination file type is required unless the type can be determined from the destination file name.

If a destination file name is given, the specified file must not exist because an existing destination file will not be overwritten. The destination file name may be undefined to overwrite the original file (make sure you have backups!). In this case, if a source file name is provided, a temporary file is created and renamed to replace the source file if no errors occurred while writing. Otherwise, if a source file reference or scalar reference is used, the image is first written to memory then copied back to replace the original if there were no errors.

The destination file type is only used if the source file is undefined.

On Mac OS systems, the file resource fork is preserved if this routine is called with a source file name.

Examples:

>     # add information to a source file, writing output to new file
>     my $result = $exifTool->WriteInfo($srcfile, $dstfile);

>     # create XMP data file from scratch
>     $exifTool->WriteInfo(undef, $dstfile, 'XMP');

>     # overwrite file (you do have backups, right?)
>     $exifTool->WriteInfo($srcfile);

>     # retrieve error and warning messages
>     $errorMessage = $exifTool->GetValue('Error');
>     $warningMessage = $exifTool->GetValue('Warning');

If an error code is returned, an Error tag is set and GetValue('Error') can be called to obtain the error description. A Warning tag may be set even if this routine is successful. Calling this routine clears any pre-existing Error and Warning tags.

The following ExifTool options are effective in the call to WriteInfo:

> ByteOrder, Charset, CharsetID3, CharsetIPTC, Compact, Compress, FixBase, IgnoreMinorErrors and Verbose.

## CombineInfo

Combine information from more than one information hash into a single hash.

> Prototype | CombineInfo($;@)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1-N) List of info hash references
> Returns | Reference to combined information hash

Example:

>     $info = $exifTool->CombineInfo($info1, $info2, $info3);

If the Duplicates option is disabled and duplicate tags exist, the order of the hashes is significant. In this case, the value used is the first value found as the hashes are scanned in order of input. The Duplicates option is the only option that is in effect for this function.

## GetTagList

Get a sorted list of tags from the specified information hash or tag list.

> Prototype | GetTagList($;$$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) [optional] Reference to info hash or tag list 2) [optional] Sort order ('File', 'Input', 'Alpha' or 'Group#')
> Returns | List of tag keys in specified order

Example:

>     @tags = $exifTool->GetTagList($info, 'Group0');

If the information hash or tag list reference is not provided, then the list of found tags from the last call to ImageInfo, ExtractInfo or GetInfo is used instead, and the result is the same as if GetFoundTags was called. If sort order is not specified, the sort order is taken from the current options settings.

## GetFoundTags

Get list of found tags in specified sort order. The found tags are the tags for the information obtained from the most recent call to ImageInfo, ExtractInfo or GetInfo for this object.

> Prototype | GetFoundTags($;$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) [optional] Sort order ('File', 'Input', 'Alpha' or 'Group#')
> Returns | List of tag keys in the specified order

Example:

>     my @tags = $exifTool->GetFoundTags('File');

## GetRequestedTags

Get list of requested tags. These are the tags that were specified in the arguments of the most recent call to ImageInfo, ExtractInfo or GetInfo, including tags specified via a tag list reference. They are returned in the same order that they were specified. Shortcut tags are expanded in the list.

> Prototype | GetRequestedTags($)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference
> Returns | List of tag keys for requested tags (empty if no tags specifically requested)

Example:

>     my @requestedTags = $exifTool->GetRequestedTags();

## GetValue

Get the value of a specified tag. The returned value is either the human-readable (PrintConv) value, the converted machine-readable (ValueConv) value, or the original raw (Raw) value. If the value type is not specified, the PrintConv value is returned if the PrintConv option is set, otherwise the ValueConv value is returned. The PrintConv values are the same as the values returned by ImageInfo and GetInfo in the tag/value hash unless the PrintConv option is disabled.

Tags which represent lists of multiple values (as may happen with '`Keywords`' for example) are handled specially. In scalar context, the returned PrintConv value for these tags is either a string of values or a list reference (depending on the List option setting), and the ValueConv value is always a list reference. But in list context, GetValue always returns the list itself.

Note that GetValue requires a case-sensitive tag key as an argument. To retrieve tag information based on a case-insensitive tag name (with an optional group specifier), use GetInfo instead.

> Prototype | GetValue($$;$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) Tag key 2) [optional] Value type, 'PrintConv', 'ValueConv', 'Both' or 'Raw' The default value type is 'PrintConv' if the PrintConv option is set, otherwise the default is 'ValueConv'. A value type of 'Both' returns both ValueConv and PrintConv values as a list.
> Returns | The value of the specified tag. If the tag represents a list of values and the List option is disabled then PrintConv returns a string of values, otherwise a reference to the list is returned in scalar context. The list itself is returned in list context. Values may also be scalar references to binary data, or hash references if the Struct option is set. Note: It is possible for GetValue to return an undefined ValueConv or PrintConv value (or an empty list in list context) even if the tag exists, since it is possible for these conversions to yield undefined values.

Examples:

>     # PrintConv example
>     my $val = $exifTool->GetValue($tag);
>     if (ref $val eq 'SCALAR') {
>         print "$tag = (unprintable value)\n";
>     } else {
>         print "$tag = $val\n";
>     }

>     # ValueConv example
>     my $val = $exifTool->GetValue($tag, 'ValueConv');
>     if (ref $val eq 'ARRAY') {
>         print "$tag is a list of values\n";
>     } elsif (ref $val eq 'SCALAR') {
>         print "$tag represents binary data\n";
>     } else {
>         print "$tag is a simple scalar\n";
>     }

>     # list example
>     my @keywords = $exifTool->GetValue('Keywords', 'ValueConv');

## SetNewValue

Set the new value for a tag. The routine may be called multiple times to set the values of many tags before using WriteInfo to write the new values to an image.

For list-type tags (like `Keywords`), either call repeatedly with the same tag name for each value, or call with a reference to the list of values.

> Prototype | SetNewValue($;$$%)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) [optional] Tag key or tag name, or undef to clear all new values. A tag name of '`*`' can be used when deleting tags to delete all tags, or all tags in a specified group. The tag name may be prefixed by group name, separated by a colon (ie. '`EXIF:Artist`'), which is equivalent to using a Group option argument. Also, a '`#`' may be appended to the tag name (ie. '`EXIF:Orientation#`'), with the same effect as setting Type to 'ValueConv'. 2) [optional] New value for tag. Undefined to delete tag from file. May be a scalar, scalar reference, or list reference to set a list of values. Integer values may be specified in hexadecimal (with a leading '0x'), and simple rational values may be specified as fractions. 3-N) [optional] SetNewValue option/value pairs (see below).
> Returns | Scalar context: The number of tags set, and errors are printed to STDERR. List context: The number of tags set and the error string.

> SetNewValue Options
> Option | Description | Values | Default
> --- | --- | --- | ---
> AddValue | Add value to existing list rather than replacing the list | 0 or 1 | 0
> DelValue | Delete an existing tag if it has the specified value | 0 or 1 | 0
> EditGroup | Create tags in existing groups only. Don't create new group | 0 or 1 | 0
> EditOnly | Edit tag only if it already exists. Don't create new tag | 0 or 1 | 0
> Group | Specifies group name where tag should be written. If not specified, tag is written to highest priority group as specified by SetNewGroups. Case is not significant | Any family 0 or 1 group name | undef
> NoShortcut | Disables default behaviour of looking up tag in shortcuts if not found otherwise. | 0 or 1 | 0
> Protected | Allow protected tags to be written | Bitmask of tag protection levels to write:
> 0x01 = | Write 'unsafe' tags (ie. tags not copied automatically via SetNewValuesFromFile)
> 0x02 = | Write 'protected' tags (internal use only)
> | 0
> Replace | Replace previous new value for this tag (ie. replace the value set in a previous call to SetNewValue) |
> 0 = | Don't replace
> 1 = | Replace with specified new value
> 2 = | Reset previous new value only
> | 0
> Shift | Shift the tag by the specified value. Currently only date/time tags can be shifted. Value is added if Shift is 1, or subtracted if Shift is -1. See Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl for details time shift formats. |
> undef = No shift
> 0 = | Shift if shiftable: Positive if AddValue set, or Negative if DelValue set
> 1 = | Positive shift
> -1 = | Negative shift
> | undef
> Type | The type of value being set | PrintConv, ValueConv or Raw (default depends on PrintConv Option) | PrintConv or ValueConv

Examples:

>     # set a new value for a tag (errors go to STDERR)
>     $success = $exifTool->SetNewValue($tag, $value);

>     # set a new value and capture any error message
>     ($success, $errStr) = $exifTool->SetNewValue($tag, $value);

>     # delete information for specified tag if it exists in image
>     # (also resets AddValue and DelValue options for this tag)
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue($tag);

>     # reset all values from previous calls to SetNewValue()
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue();

>     # delete a specific keyword
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue('Keywords', $word, DelValue => 1);

>     # set keywords (a List-type tag) with two new values
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Keywords => 'word1');
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Keywords => 'word2');
>     # equivalent, but set both in one call using an array reference
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Keywords => ['word1','word2']);

>     # add a keyword without replacing existing keywords in the file
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Keywords => $word, AddValue => 1);

>     # set a tag in a specific group
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Headline => $val, Group => 'XMP');
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue('XMP:Headline' => $val);  # (equivalent)

>     # shift original date/time back by 1 hour
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(DateTimeOriginal => '1:00', Shift => -1);

>     # write a tag only if it had a specific value
>     # (the order of the following calls is not significant)
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Title => $oldVal, DelValue => 1);
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Title => $newVal);

>     # write tag by numerical value
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(Orientation => 6, Type => 'ValueConv');
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue('Orientation#' => 6);  # (equivalent)

>     # delete all but EXIF tags
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue('*');  # delete all...
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue('EXIF:*', undef, Replace => 2); # ...but EXIF

Notes:

When deleting groups of tags, the Replace option may be used as in the last example above to exclude specific groups from a mass delete. However, this technique may not be used to exclude individual tags. Instead, use SetNewValuesFromFile to recover the values of individual tags after deleting a group.

The following ExifTool options are effective in the call to SetNewValue:

> Charset, Escape, IgnoreMinorErrors, Lang, ListSep, ListSplit, PrintConv and Verbose.

## SetNewValuesFromFile

A very powerful routine that sets new values for tags from information found in a specified file.

> Prototype | SetNewValuesFromFile($$;@)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) File name, file reference, or scalar reference 2-N) [optional] List of tag names to set or options hash references. All writable tags are set if none are specified. The tag names are not case sensitive, and may be prefixed by an optional family 0 or 1 group name, separated by a colon (ie. '`exif:iso`'). A leading '`-`' indicates tags to be excluded (ie. '`-comment`'). A trailing '`#`' causes the ValueConv value to be copied (ie. '`orientation#`'), which has the same effect as setting the Type option to 'ValueConv' for this tag only. An asterisk ('`*`') may be used for the tag name, and is useful when a group is specified to set all tags from a group (ie. '`XMP:*`'). A special feature allows tag names of the form '`SRCTAG>DSTTAG`' (or '`DSTTAG<SRCTAG`') to be specified to copy information to a tag with a different name or a specified group. Both '`SRCTAG`' and '`DSTTAG`' may use '`*`' and/or be prefixed by a group name (ie. '`modifyDate>fileModifyDate`' or '`*>xmp:*`'). Copied tags may also be added or deleted from a list with arguments of the form '`SRCTAG+>DSTTAG`' or '`SRCTAG->DSTTAG`'. Tags are evaluated in order, so exclusions apply only to tags included earlier in the list. An extension of this feature allows the tag value to be set from an expression containing tag names with leading '`$`' symbols (ie. '`Comment<the file is $filename`'). Braces '`{}`' may be used around the tag name to separate it from subsequent text, and a '`$$`' is used to to represent a '`$`' symbol. (The behaviour for missing tags in expressions is defined by the MissingTagValue option.) Multiple options hash references may be passed to set different options for different tags. Options apply to subsequent tags in the argument list.
> Returns | A hash of information that was set successfully. May include Warning or Error entries if there were problems reading the input file.

By default, this routine will commute information between same-named tags in different groups, allowing information to be translated between images with different formats. This behaviour may be modified by specifying a group name for extracted tags (even if '`*`' is used as a group name), in which case the information is written to the original group, unless redirected to a different group. When '`*`' is used for a group name, the family 1 group of the original tag is preserved. (For example, specifying '`*:*`' copies all information while preserving the original family 1 groups.)

SetNewValuesFromFile Options:

The options are the same was for SetNewValue, and are passed directly to SetNewValue internally, with a few exceptions:

- The Replace option defaults to 1 instead of 0 as with SetNewValue.
- The AddValue or DelValue option is set for individual tags if '+>' or '->' (or '+<' or '-<') are used.
- The Group option is set for tags where a group name is given.
- The Protected flag is set to 1 for individually specified tags.
- The Type option also applies to extracted tags.

Examples:

>     # set new values from all information in a file...
>     my $info = $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($srcFile);
>     # ...then write these values to another image
>     my $result = $exifTool->WriteInfo($file2, $outFile);

>     # set all new values, preserving original groups
>     $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($srcFile, '*:*');

>     # set specific information
>     $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($srcFile, $tag1, $tag2...);

>     # set new value from a different tag in specific group
>     $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($src, 'IPTC:Keywords>XMP-dc:Subject');

>     # add all IPTC keywords to XMP subject list
>     $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($src, 'IPTC:Keywords+>XMP-dc:Subject');

>     # set new value from an expression involving other tags
>     $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($file,
>         'Comment<ISO=$ISO Aperture=$aperture Exposure=$shutterSpeed');

>     # set keywords list from the values of multiple tags
>     $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($file, { Replace => 0 },
>         'keywords<xmp:subject', 'keywords<filename');

>     # copy all EXIF information, preserving the original IFD
>     # (without '>*.*' tags would be copied to the preferred EXIF IFD)
>     $exifTool->SetNewValuesFromFile($file, 'EXIF:*>*:*');

Notes:

The PrintConv option applies to this routine, but it normally should be left on to provide more reliable transfer of information between groups.

If a preview image exists, it is not copied. The preview image must be transferred separately if desired, in a separate call to WriteInfo

When simply copying all information between files of the same type, it is usually desirable to preserve the original groups by specifying '`*:*`' for the tags to set.

The Duplicates option is always in effect for tags extracted from the source file using this routine.

## GetNewValues

Get list of new Raw values for the specified tag. These are the values that will be written to file. Only tags which support a 'List' may return more than one value.

> Prototype | GetNewValues($$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) Tag name (case sensitive, group names not allowed)
> Returns | List of new Raw tag values, or first value in list when called in scalar context. The list may be empty either if the tag isn't being written, or if it is being deleted (ie. if SetNewValue was called without a value).

Examples:

>     my $rawVal = $exifTool->GetNewValues($tag);

>     my @rawVals = $exifTool->GetNewValues($tag);

## CountNewValues

Return the total number of new values set.

> Prototype | CountNewValues($)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference
> Returns | In scalar context, returns the total number of tags with new values set. In list context, also returns the number of "pseudo" tag values which have been set. "Pseudo" tags are tags like FileName and FileModifyDate which are not contained within the file and can be changed without rewriting the file.

Examples:

>     my $numSet = $exifTool->CountNewValues();

>     my ($numSet, $numPseudo) = $exifTool->CountNewValues();

## SaveNewValues

Save state of new values to be later restored by RestoreNewValues.

> Prototype | SaveNewValues($)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference

Example:

>     $exifTool->SaveNewValues();         # save state of new values
>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(ISO => 100); # set new value for ISO
>     $exifTool->WriteInfo($src, $dst1);  # write ISO plus any previous new values
>     $exifTool->RestoreNewValues();      # restore previous new values
>     $exifTool->WriteInfo($src, $dst2);  # write previous new values only

## RestoreNewValues

Restore new values to the settings that existed when SaveNewValues was last called. May be called repeatedly after a single call to SaveNewValues. See SaveNewValues above for an example.

> Prototype | RestoreNewValues($)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference

## SetFileModifyDate

Set the file modification time from the new value of the FileModifyDate tag.

> Prototype | SetFileModifyDate($$;$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) File name 2) [optional] Base time if applying shift (in days before $^T)
> Returns | 1 if the time was changed, 0 if nothing was done, or -1 if there was an error setting the time.

Example:

>     $exifTool->SetNewValue(FileModifyDate => '2000:01:02 03:04:05', Protected => 1);
>     my $result = $exifTool->SetFileModifyDate($file);

Notes:

Equivalent to, but more efficient than calling WriteInfo when only the FileModifyDate tag has been set. If a timezone is not specified in the FileModifyDate value, local time is assumed. When shifting FileModifyDate, the time of the original file is used unless an optional base time is specified.

## SetFileName

Set the file name and directory. If not specified, the new file name is derived from the new values of the FileName and Directory tags. If the FileName tag contains a '`/`', then the file is renamed into a new directory. If FileName ends with '`/`', then it is taken as a directory name and the file is moved into the new directory. The new value for the Directory tag takes precedence over any directory specified in FileName.

> Prototype | SetFileName($$;$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) Current file name 2) [optional] New file name
> Returns | 1 if the file name or directory was changed, 0 if nothing was done, or -1 if there was an error renaming the file.

Examples:

>     my $result = $exifTool->SetFileName($file);

>     my $result = $exifTool->SetFileName($file, $newName);

Notes:

Will not overwrite existing files. New directories are created as necessary.

## SetNewGroups

Set the order of the preferred groups when adding new information. In subsequent calls to SetNewValue, new information will be created in the first valid group of this list. This has an impact only if the group is not specified when calling SetNewValue, and if the tag name exists in more than one group. The default order is EXIF, IPTC then XMP. Any family 0 group name may be used. Case is not significant.

> Prototype | SetNewGroups($;@)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1-N) Groups in order of priority. If no groups are specified, the priorities are reset to the defaults.

Example:

>     $exifTool->SetNewGroups('XMP','EXIF','IPTC');

## GetNewGroups

Get current group priority list.

> Prototype | GetNewGroups($)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference
> Returns | List of group names in order of write priority. Highest priority first.

Example:

>     @groups = $exifTool->GetNewGroups();

## GetTagID

Get the ID for the specified tag. The ID is the IFD tag number in EXIF information, the property name in XMP information, or the data offset in a binary data block. For some tags, such as Composite tags where there is no ID, an empty string is returned. In list context, also returns a language code for the tag if available and different from the default language (ie. with alternate language entries for XMP "lang-alt" tags).

> Prototype | GetTagID($$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) Tag key
> Returns | In scalar context, returns the tag ID or '' if there is no ID for this tag. In list context, returns the tag ID (or '') and the language code (or undef).

Examples:

>     my $id = $exifTool->GetTagID($tag);

>     my ($id, $lang) = $exifTool->GetTagID($tag);

## GetDescription

Get description for specified tag. This function will always return a defined value. In the case where the description doesn't exist, one is generated from the tag name.

> Prototype | GetDescription($$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) Tag key
> Returns | Tag description

## GetGroup

Get group name(s) for a specified tag.

> Prototype | GetGroup($$;$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) Tag key 2) [optional] Group family number, or string of numbers separated by colons
> Returns | Group name (or '' if tag has no group). If no group family is specified, returns the name of group in family 0 when called in scalar context, or the names of groups for all families in list context. Returns a string of group names separated by colons if the input group family contains a colon. The string is simplified to remove a leading 'Main:' and adjacent identical group names unless the family string begins with a colon.

The following families of groups are available:

> Family | Description | Examples
> --- | --- | ---
> 0 | Information Type | EXIF, XMP, IPTC
> 1 | Specific Location | IFD0, XMP-dc
> 2 | Category | Author, Time
> 3 | Document Number | Main, Doc1, Doc3-2
> 4 | Instance Number | Copy1, Copy2, Copy3...

Families 0 and 1 are based on the file structure, and are similar except that family 1 is more specific -- it sub-divides the EXIF, MakerNotes, XMP and ICC_Profile groups to give more detail about the specific location where the information was found. The EXIF group is split up based on the specific IFD (Image File Directory), the MakerNotes group is divided into groups for each manufacturer, and the XMP group is separated based on the XMP namespace prefix. Note that only common XMP namespaces are listed in the GetAllGroups documentation, but additional namespaces may be present in some XMP data. Also note that the '`XMP-xmp`...' group names may appear in the older form '`XMP-xap`...' since these names evolved as the XMP standard was developed. The ICC_Profile group is broken down to give information about the specific ICC_Profile tag from which multiple values were extracted. As well, information extracted from the ICC_Profile header is separated into the ICC-header group.

Family 2 classifies information based on the logical category to which the information refers.

Family 3 gives the document number when the ExtractEmbedded option is used. Nested sub-documents (if they exist) are indicated by numbers separated with dashes in the group name, to an arbitrary depth. (ie. '`Doc2-3-1`' is the 1st sub-sub-document of the 3rd sub-document of the 2nd embedded document of the main file.)

Family 4 provides a method for differentiating tags when multiple tags exist with the same name in the same location. The primary instance of a tag (the tag extracted when the Duplicates option is disabled and no group is specified) has no family 4 group name, but additional instances have have family 4 group names of '`Copy1`', '`Copy2`', '`Copy3`', etc.

See GetAllGroups for lists of group names.

Examples:

>     # return family 0 group name (ie. 'EXIF')
>     $group = $exifTool->GetGroup($tag, 0);

>     # return all groups (ie. qw{EXIF IFD0 Author Main})
>     @groups = $exifTool->GetGroup($tag);

>     # return groups as a string (ie. 'Main:IFD0:Author')
>     $group = $exifTool->GetGroup($tag, ':3:1:2');

>     # return groups as a simplified string (ie. 'IFD0:Author')
>     $group = $exifTool->GetGroup($tag, '3:1:2');

## GetGroups

Get list of group names for all tags in specified information hash.

> Prototype | GetGroups($;$$)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference 1) [optional] Information hash reference (default is all extracted info) 2) [optional] Group family number (default 0)
> Returns | List of group names in alphabetical order. If information hash is not specified, the group names are returned for all extracted information. See GetAllGroups for a list of groups in each family.

Examples:

>     my @groups = $exifTool->GetGroups($info, $family);

> Example of one way to print information organized by group

>     my $exifTool = new Image::ExifTool;
>     $exifTool->ExtractInfo('t/images/ExifTool.jpg');

>     my $family = 1;
>     my @groups = $exifTool->GetGroups($family);
>     my $group;
>     foreach $group (@groups) {
>         print "---- $group ----\n";
>         my $info = $exifTool->GetInfo({"Group$family" => $group});
>         foreach ($exifTool->GetTagList($info)) {
>             print "$_ : $$info{$_}\n";
>         }
>     }

## BuildCompositeTags

Builds composite tags from required tags. The composite tags are convenience tags which are derived from the values of other tags. This routine is called automatically by ImageInfo if the Composite option is set.

> Prototype | BuildCompositeTags($)
> Inputs | 0) ExifTool object reference
> Returns | (none)

Notes:

1. Tag values are calculated in alphabetical order unless a tag Require's or Desire's another composite tag, in which case the calculation is deferred until after the other tag is calculated.
2. Composite tags may need to read data from the image for their value to be determined, so for these BuildCompositeTags must be called while the image is available. This is only a problem if ImageInfo is called with a filename (as opposed to a file reference or scalar reference) since in this case the file is closed before ImageInfo returns. However if you enable the Composite option, BuildCompositeTags is called from within ImageInfo before the file is closed.

The following functions access only static data and are not called with an ExifTool object

The names of all the following functions, plus ImageInfo, may be imported into the current namespace with the "Public" tag. When this is done, the functions can be accessed without the need to prefix the function name with "`Image::ExifTool::`". For example:

>     use Image::ExifTool ':Public';
>     $tagName = GetTagName($tag);

## GetTagName

Get name of tag from tag identifier. This is a convenience function that strips the embedded instance number, if it exists, from the tag key.

> Prototype | GetTagName($)
> Inputs | 0) Tag key
> Returns | Tag name

Example:

>     $tagName = Image::ExifTool::GetTagName($tag);

## GetShortcuts

Get list of tag shortcut names.

> Prototype | GetShortcuts()
> Inputs | (none)
> Returns | List of shortcuts

## GetAllTags

Get list of all available tag names.

> Prototype | GetAllTags(;$)
> Inputs | 0) [optional] Group name, or string of group names separated by colons
> Returns | A list of all available tags in alphabetical order, or all tags in a specified group or intersection of groups. The group name is case insensitive, and any group in families 0-2 may be used except for EXIF family 1 groups (ie. the specific IFD).

## GetWritableTags

Get list of all writable tag names.

> Prototype | GetWritableTags(;$)
> Inputs | 0) [optional] Group name, or string of group names separated by colons
> Returns | A list of all writable tags in alphabetical order. These are the tags for which values may be set through SetNewValue. If a group name is given, returns only writable tags in specified group(s). The group name is case insensitive, and any group in families 0-2 may be used except for EXIF family 1 groups (ie. the specific IFD).

## GetAllGroups

Get list of all group names in specified family.

> Prototype | GetAllGroups($)
> Inputs | 0) Group family number (0-4)
> Returns | A list of all groups in the specified family in alphabetical order

Here is a complete list of groups for each family:

> Family | Group Names
> --- | ---
> 0 (Information Type) | AFCP, AIFF, APE, APP0, APP12, APP13, APP14, APP15, APP4, APP5, APP6, APP8, ASF, BMP, CanonVRD, Composite, DICOM, DNG, DjVu, Ducky, EXE, EXIF, ExifTool, FLAC, File, Flash, FlashPix, Font, FotoStation, GIF, GIMP, GeoTiff, H264, HTML, ICC_Profile, ID3, IPTC, ITC, JFIF, JPEG, Jpeg2000, LNK, Leaf, M2TS, MIE, MIFF, MNG, MPC, MPEG, MPF, MakerNotes, Matroska, Meta, PDF, PICT, PNG, PSP, PhotoMechanic, Photoshop, PostScript, PrintIM, QuickTime, RAF, RIFF, RSRC, RTF, Rawzor, Real, SVG, SigmaRaw, Stim, Vorbis, XML, XMP, ZIP
> 1 (Specific Location) | AC3, AFCP, AIFF, APE, ASF, AVI1, Adobe, AdobeCM, BMP, CIFF, Canon, CanonCustom, CanonRaw, CanonVRD, Casio, Chapter#, Composite, DICOM, DNG, DjVu, DjVu-Meta, Ducky, EPPIM, EXE, EXIF, ExifIFD, ExifTool, FLAC, File, Flash, FlashPix, Font, FotoStation, FujiFilm, GIF, GIMP, GPS, GeoTiff, GlobParamIFD, GraphConv, H264, HP, HTML, HTML-dc, HTML-ncc, HTML-office, HTML-prod, HTML-vw96, HTTP-equiv, ICC-chrm, ICC-clrt, ICC-header, ICC-meas, ICC-meta, ICC-view, ICC_Profile, ICC_Profile#, ID3, ID3v1, ID3v1_Enh, ID3v2_2, ID3v2_3, ID3v2_4, IFD0, IFD1, IPTC, IPTC#, ITC, InteropIFD, JFIF, JPEG, JVC, Jpeg2000, KDC_IFD, Kodak, KodakBordersIFD, KodakEffectsIFD, KodakIFD, KyoceraRaw, LNK, Leaf, LeafSubIFD, Leica, M2TS, MAC, MIE-Audio, MIE-Camera, MIE-Canon, MIE-Doc, MIE-Extender, MIE-Flash, MIE-GPS, MIE-Geo, MIE-Image, MIE-Lens, MIE-Main, MIE-MakerNotes, MIE-Meta, MIE-Orient, MIE-Preview, MIE-Thumbnail, MIE-UTM, MIE-Unknown, MIE-Video, MIFF, MNG, MPC, MPEG, MPF0, MPImage, MakerNotes, MakerUnknown, Matroska, MetaIFD, Microsoft, Minolta, MinoltaRaw, NITF, Nikon, NikonCapture, NikonCustom, NikonScan, Olympus, PDF, PICT, PNG, PSP, Panasonic, Pentax, PhotoMechanic, Photoshop, PictureInfo, PostScript, PreviewIFD, PrintIM, ProfileIFD, QuickTime, RAF, RAF2, RIFF, RMETA, RSRC, RTF, Rawzor, Real, Real-CONT, Real-MDPR, Real-PROP, Real-RA3, Real-RA4, Real-RA5, Real-RJMD, Ricoh, SPIFF, SR2, SR2DataIFD, SR2SubIFD, SRF#, SVG, Samsung, Sanyo, Scalado, Sigma, SigmaRaw, Sony, SonyIDC, Stim, SubIFD, System, Track#, Version0, Vorbis, XML, XMP, XMP-DICOM, XMP-MP, XMP-MP1, XMP-PixelLive, XMP-acdsee, XMP-album, XMP-aux, XMP-cc, XMP-crs, XMP-dc, XMP-dex, XMP-digiKam, XMP-exif, XMP-iptcCore, XMP-iptcExt, XMP-lr, XMP-mediapro, XMP-microsoft, XMP-pdf, XMP-pdfx, XMP-photomech, XMP-photoshop, XMP-plus, XMP-prism, XMP-prl, XMP-pur, XMP-rdf, XMP-swf, XMP-tiff, XMP-x, XMP-xmp, XMP-xmpBJ, XMP-xmpDM, XMP-xmpMM, XMP-xmpNote, XMP-xmpPLUS, XMP-xmpRights, XMP-xmpTPg, ZIP
> 2 (Category) | Audio, Author, Camera, Document, ExifTool, Image, Location, Other, Printing, Time, Unknown, Video
> 3 (Document Number) | Doc#, Main
> 4 (Instance Number) | Copy#

Example:

>     @groupList = Image::ExifTool::GetAllGroups($family);

## GetDeleteGroups

Get list of all deletable group names.

> Prototype | GetDelGroups()
> Inputs | None
> Returns | A list of deletable group names in alphabetical order.

Below is a current list of deletable group names. All names in this list are either family 0 or family 1 group names, with the exception of '`Trailer`' which allows all trailers in JPEG and TIFF-format images to be deleted at once, including unknown trailers. To schedule a group for deletion, call SetNewValue with an undefined value and a tag name like '`Trailer:*`'.

> AFCP, CIFF, CanonVRD, EXIF, ExifIFD, Ducky, File, FlashPix, FotoStation, GlobParamIFD, GPS, IFD0, IFD1, InteropIFD, ICC_Profile, IPTC, JFIF, MakerNotes, Meta, MetaIFD, MIE, PhotoMechanic, Photoshop, PNG, PrintIM, RMETA, SubIFD, Trailer, XMP

Example:

>     my @delGroups = Image::ExifTool::GetDelGroups();

## GetFileType

Get type of file given file name.

> Prototype | GetFileType(;$$)
> Inputs | 0) [optional] File name or extension 1) [optional] Flag to return a description instead of a type
> Returns | A string, based on the file extension, which indicates the basic format of the file. Note that some files may be based on other formats (like many RAW image formats are based on TIFF). In array context, may return more than one file type if the file may be based on different formats. Returns undef if files with this extension are not yet supported by ExifTool. Returns a list of extensions for all recognized file types if no input extension is specified. Returns a more detailed description of the specific file format when the description flag is set.

Examples:

>     my $type = Image::ExifTool::GetFileType($filename);
>     my $desc = Image::ExifTool::GetFileType($filename, 1);

## CanWrite

Can the specified file be written?

> Prototype | CanWrite($)
> Inputs | 0) File name or extension
> Returns | True if ExifTool supports writing files of this type (based on the file extension).

Example:

>     my $writable = Image::ExifTool::CanWrite($filename);

## CanCreate

Can the specified file be created?

> Prototype | CanCreate($)
> Inputs | 0) File name or extension
> Returns | True if ExifTool can create files with this extension from scratch. Currently, this can only be done with XMP, MIE, ICC, VRD and EXIF files.

Example:

>     my $creatable = Image::ExifTool::CanCreate($filename);

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